{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:40:20Z","timestamp":1788997220670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Horseshoe kidney (HK) is one of the most common renal fusion abnormalities, with an incidence of 1:400 in the normal population. However, Wilms tumor (WT) arising in an HK is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with an advanced WT in an HK and also highlight the management challenges in a resource-poor setting such as ours.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The patient was a 9-year-old Nigerian boy presented to the Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) with a history of progressive abdominal swelling, weight loss, abdominal pain, and cough. Abdominal examination revealed an irregular, firm, and non-tender mass in the right lumbar region. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a heterogeneously dense mass that was predominantly to the right side of the abdomen and crossed the midline to the left side, where it continued with the relatively normal renal tissue. Chest CT revealed pulmonary metastases. A diagnosis of WT in an HK was made. The patient had a 6-week course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and a right nephrectomy and left partial nephrectomy was performed. The final histologic diagnosis of WT was made. Radiotherapy was intended but was not available in our facility, and the parents could not afford referral to another center.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children with a clinically suspected HK with WT should undergo a careful imaging evaluation such as CT before any surgical intervention. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce tumor bulk might be a good treatment method to reduce surgical morbidity and aid in complete excision and potential for preserving renal function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-03048-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T23:07:11Z","timestamp":1631660831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advanced-stage Wilms tumor arising in a horseshoe kidney of a 9-year-old child: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abubakar Garba","family":"Farouk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Farate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Wabada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70538-1","volume":"44","author":"MJ Petruzzi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Petruzzi MJ, Green DM. Wilms\u2019 tumour. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1997;44:939\u201352.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"3048_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197601)37:1<403::AID-CNCR2820370152>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"37","author":"TW Pendergrass","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pendergrass TW. Congenital anomalies in children with Wilms\u2019 tumour. Cancer. 1976;37:403\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3048_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(64)80079-2","volume":"65","author":"RW Miller","year":"1964","unstructured":"Miller RW, Fraumeni JF, Manning MD. Excessive concurrence of Wilms\u2019 tumour with aniridia, hemihypertrophy and other congenital defects. J Pediatr. 1964;65:1088\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3048_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49351-7","volume":"133","author":"HG Mesrobian","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mesrobian HG, Kelalis PP, Hrabovsky E, Othersen HB Jr, deLorimier A, Nesmith B. Wilms tumour in horseshoe kidneys: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study. J Urol. 1985;133:1002\u20133.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3048_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.34458","volume":"37","author":"H Neville","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neville H, Ritchey ML, Shamberger RC, Haase G, Perlman S, Yoshioka T. The occurrence of Wilms tumour in horseshoe kidneys: a report from the National Wilms Tumour Study Group (NWTSG). J Paediatr Surg. 2002;37(8):1134\u20137.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"3048_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.02.035","volume":"93","author":"G Rac","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rac G, Ellet JD, Sarkissian H, Eklund MJ, Stec AA. Open partial nephrectomy for Wilms tumour in a cross-fused pelvic ectopic kidney. Urology. 2016;93:188\u201390.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3048_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64874-2","volume":"157","author":"HG van der Poel","year":"1997","unstructured":"van der Poel HG, Feitz WF, Bokkerink J, Staak FV, de Vries JD. Wilms tumour with teratomatous cysts in a horseshoe kidney: a diagnostic pitfall. J Urol. 1997;157:1837\u20132138.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3048_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(74)80119-3","volume":"9","author":"VL Shashikumar","year":"1974","unstructured":"Shashikumar VL, Somers LA, Pilling GP 4th, Cresson SL. Wilms\u2019 tumour in the horseshoe kidney. J Paediatr Surg. 1974;9(2):185\u20139.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3048_CR9","first-page":"252","volume":"72","author":"NK Devaraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Devaraj NK. Case report: a case of pericardial effusion presenting to primary care. The Med J Malaysia. 2017;72(4):252\u20133.","journal-title":"The Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"3048_CR10","first-page":"44","volume":"4","author":"IB Garba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garba IB, Sani MS, Isezuo OK, Waziri MU, Muhammad SA, Hano JI, et al. Wilms\u2019 tumour in a child with Horse Shoe Kidney seen at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto- a case report. Afr J Paed Nephrol. 2017;4:44\u20138.","journal-title":"Afr J Paed Nephrol"},{"key":"3048_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.04.033","volume":"12","author":"K Taghavi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taghavi K, Kirkpatrick J, Mirjalili SA. The horseshoe kidney: surgical anatomy and embryology. J Paediatr Urol. 2016;12:275\u201380.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Urol"},{"key":"3048_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092220413","volume":"222","author":"JM Domenech-Mateu","year":"1988","unstructured":"Domenech-Mateu JM, Gonzalez-Compta X. Horseshoe kidney: a new theory of its embryogenesis based on the study of a 16mm human embryo. Anat Rec. 1988;222:408\u201317.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"3048_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90678-9","volume":"33","author":"VK Kapur","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kapur VK, Sakalakle RP, Samuel KV, Meisheri IV, Bhagwat AD, Ramprasad A, et al. Association of extrarenal Wilms\u2019 tumour with a horseshoe kidney. J Paediatr Surg. 1998;33:935\u20137.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"3048_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(79)90353-4","volume":"13","author":"MR Dische","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dische MR, Johnson R. Teratoma in a horseshoe kidney. Urology. 1979;13:435\u20136.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3048_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1982.tb13570.x","volume":"54","author":"DM Murphy","year":"1982","unstructured":"Murphy DM, Zincke H. Transitional cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney. Report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Br J Urol. 1982;54:484\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"3048_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(76)90344-7","volume":"8","author":"D Buntley","year":"1976","unstructured":"Buntley D. Malignancy associated with horseshoe kidney. Urology. 1976;8:146\u20138.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3048_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196404302701802","volume":"270","author":"RW Miller","year":"1964","unstructured":"Miller RW, Fraumeni JF Jr, Manning MD. Association of Wilms\u2019 tumour with aniridia, hemihypertrophy and other congenital malformations. N Eng J Med. 1964;270:992\u20134.","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"issue":"27","key":"3048_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.1888","volume":"33","author":"JS Dome","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dome JS, Graf N, Geller JI, Fernandez CV, Mullen EA, Spreafica F, et al. Advances in Wilms tumour treatment and biology: progress through international collaboration. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(27):2999\u20133007.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3048_CR19","first-page":"846","volume":"94","author":"S Wabada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wabada S, Abubakar AM, Bwala KJ, Oyinloye AO, Ibrahim H, Dulla HM. Wilms tumour: an 18-year treatment outcome and challenges faced in managing this tumour in developing countries. East Afr Med J. 2017;94(10):846\u201353.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3048_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2003.10.019","volume":"39","author":"EY Huang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Huang EY, Mascarenhas L, Mahour GH. Wilms\u2019 tumour and horseshoe kidneys: a case report and review of the literature. J Paediatr Surg. 2004;39(2):207\u201312.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"3048_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950210307","volume":"21","author":"DM Green","year":"1993","unstructured":"Green DM, Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, Norkool P. Screening of children with hemihypertrophy, aniridia and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in patients with Wilms tumour: a report of the National Wilms Tumour study. Med Paediatr Oncol. 1993;21:188\u201392.","journal-title":"Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"key":"3048_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(18)30043-1","volume":"9","author":"CL Clericuzio","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clericuzio CL, Johnson C. Screening for Wilms tumour in high-risk individuals. Haematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1995;9:1253\u201365.","journal-title":"Haematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"3048_CR23","first-page":"143","volume":"6","author":"T Kumar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kumar T, Jiwane A, Kothari P, Bhusare D, Kutumble R, Kulkarni BK. Wilms tumour in a horseshoe kidney. J Indian Assoc Paediatr Surg. 2001;6:143\u20135.","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"3048_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60983-2","volume":"107","author":"CP Kolln","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kolln CP, Boatman DL, Schmidt JD, Flocks RH. Horseshoe kidney: a review of 105 patients. J Urol. 1972;107:203\u20134.","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03048-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03048-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03048-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T23:57:52Z","timestamp":1631663872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03048-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03048-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the hospital research and ethics committee of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s father and verbal assent from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest, either financial or nonfinancial.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"470"}}