{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:05:32Z","timestamp":1793325932854,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory disease affecting several organs. Serositis is one of the systemic lupus erythematosus presentations, but peritonitis is a relatively rare presentation. Particularly, it is extremely rare to observe peritonitis as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we present a case of peritonitis without other symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus, in a patient who was finally diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Our patient was a 27-year-old Persian\/Caucasian\u00a0male with fatigue, weakness, weight loss, abdominal distension, massive ascites, and normocytic hemolytic anemia. He did not mention any prior medical conditions and did not use any drugs. There were no signs of thyroid dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, cancers, infectious diseases, hepatitis, kidney diseases, or other diseases. Low-gradient, high-protein ascites fluid, and positive antinuclear antibody and anti-double stranded DNA were in favor of systemic lupus erythematosus. Corticosteroid pulse therapy led to resolution of ascites, and the patient was discharged with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Peritonitis is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus, particularly as the first presentation and in the absence of other signs and symptoms; however, systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as one the differential diagnoses for peritonitis when other etiologies have been ruled out.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-03216-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:02:11Z","timestamp":1640476931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Peritonitis as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematous: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zahedin","family":"Kheyri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirreza","family":"Laripour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5951-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moein","family":"Ala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3216_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.05.004","volume":"37","author":"SM Fu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fu SM, Deshmukh US, Gaskin F. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus revisited 2011: end organ resistance to damage, autoantibody initiation and diversification, and HLA-DR. J Autoimmun. 2011;37(2):104\u201312.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"10","key":"3216_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2187oa","volume":"14","author":"B Man","year":"2005","unstructured":"Man B, Mok C. Serositis related to systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and outcome. Lupus. 2005;14(10):822\u20136.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"6","key":"3216_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315625460","volume":"25","author":"J Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao J, Bai W, Zhu P, Zhang X, Liu S, Wu L, et\u00a0al. Chinese SLE treatment and research group (CSTAR) registry VII: prevalence and clinical significance of serositis in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2016;25(6):652\u20137.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"3216_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8701763","author":"S McVorran","year":"2016","unstructured":"McVorran S, Song J, Pochineni V, Abrudescu-Opran A. Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with massive ascites: a case of pseudo\u2013pseudo Meigs syndrome. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8701763.","journal-title":"Case Rep Rheumatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"3216_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071297","volume":"358","author":"A Rahman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rahman A, Isenberg DA. Systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(9):929\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3216_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319846388","volume":"28","author":"\u00d6 Dahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dahlstr\u00f6m \u00d6, Sj\u00f6wall C. The diagnostic accuracies of the 2012 SLICC criteria and the proposed EULAR\/ACR criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus classification are comparable. Lupus. 2019;28(6):778\u201382.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"6","key":"3216_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320914356","volume":"29","author":"J Teng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teng J, Ye J, Zhou Z, Lu C, Chi H, Cheng X, et\u00a0al. A comparison of the performance of the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology criteria and the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria with the 1997 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematous in new-onset Chinese patients. Lupus. 2020;29(6):617\u201324.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"3216_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.3.176","volume":"50","author":"P Kaklamanis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaklamanis P, Vayopoulos G, Stamatelos G, Dadinas G, Tsokos G. Chronic lupus peritonitis with ascites. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991;50(3):176\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3216_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.45.0136","volume":"45","author":"M Takeno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takeno M, Ishigatsubo Y. Intestinal manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Intern Med. 2006;45(2):41\u20132.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3216_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01558.x","volume":"95","author":"PJ Weinstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weinstein PJ, Noyer CM. Rapid onset of massive ascites as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(1):302\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3216_CR11","first-page":"801","volume":"93","author":"W Hou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hou W, Sanyal AJ. Ascites: diagnosis and management. Med Clin. 2009;93(4):801\u201317.","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"3216_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042012000100012","volume":"52","author":"H Pott Junior","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pott Junior H, Amate Neto A, Teixeira MAB, Provenza JR. Ascites due to lupus peritonitis: a rare form of onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012;52(1):116\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3216_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.12.1116","volume":"32","author":"G Provenzano","year":"1993","unstructured":"Provenzano G, Rinaldi F, Le Moli S, Pagliaro L. Chronic lupus peritonitis responsive to treatment with cyclophosphamide. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(12):1116.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03216-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03216-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03216-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:02:15Z","timestamp":1640476935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03216-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-021-03216-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This case report was written after obtaining patient\u2019s informed consent for publication. The patient did not undergo additional diagnostic procedures and therapeutic plans for this case report. This unusual and rare case of SLE was reported after obtaining patient\u2019s informed consent. In addition, the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) certified this case report (IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1400.097).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"611"}}