{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T04:34:20Z","timestamp":1759206860997,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations are the main causes of mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis. Although these symptoms are well recognized, ophthalmic involvement of cystic fibrosis secondary to vitamin A deficiency is uncommon and has been reported very rarely in the medical literature.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we report a 2.5-year-old Iranian boy who presented with bilateral corneal xerosis and corneal opacity secondary to vitamin A deficiency related to cystic fibrosis malabsorption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins is a common presentation in cystic fibrosis, but corneal opacity secondary to vitamin A deficiency as the initial presentation of cystic fibrosis is a very rare manifestation of fat malabsorption. This highlights the importance of complete systemic examination besides ophthalmic examination in approaching a child with ophthalmic complaint.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03410-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T23:03:47Z","timestamp":1652310227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Corneal opacification, an atypical presentation of cystic fibrosis: a case report and review of the\u00a0literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4631-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazanin","family":"Farahbakhsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Bagherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajad","family":"Shabanpourhaghighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheila","family":"Khalilzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ahmad","family":"Tabatabaii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghamartaj","family":"Khanbabaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3410_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702133360707","volume":"336","author":"RC Stern","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stern RC. The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(7):487\u201391.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3410_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.11.006","volume":"20","author":"JA Dodge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dodge JA, Turck D. Cystic fibrosis: nutritional consequences and management. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(3):531\u201346.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3410_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.8.1151","volume":"64","author":"RJ Rayner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rayner RJ, Tyrrell JC, Hiller EJ, Marenah C, Neugebauer MA, Vernon SA, et al. Night blindness and conjunctival xerosis caused by vitamin A deficiency in patients with cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64(8):1151\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"3410_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-2-201","volume":"2","author":"D Joshi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joshi D, Dhawan A, Baker AJ, Heneghan MA. An atypical presentation of cystic fibrosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2008;2:1\u20132.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3410_CR5","first-page":"189","volume":"21","author":"KA Lindenmuth","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lindenmuth KA, Del Monte M, Marino LR. Advanced xerophthalmia as a presenting sign in cystic fibrosis. Ann Ophthalmol. 1989;21(5):189\u201391.","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3410_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.1012-b","volume":"123","author":"S Wamsley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wamsley S, Patel SM, Wood MG, Villalobos R, Albert DM, Mootha VV. Advanced keratomalacia with descemetocele in an infant with cystic fibrosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(7):1012\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.123.7.1012-b.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3410_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5505\/respircase.2013.19483","volume":"2","author":"S Pekcan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pekcan S, Do\u011fru Ers\u00f6z D, K\u00f6se M, Cinel G, \u0130rke\u00e7 M, Yal\u00e7\u0131n E, et al. Corneal opacity: a rare manifestation of cystic fibrosis. Respir Case Rep [Internet]. 2013;2(1):20\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/respircase.2013.19483.","journal-title":"Respir Case Rep [Internet]."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03410-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03410-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03410-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T23:04:13Z","timestamp":1652310253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03410-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03410-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1752-1947"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient's legal guardian for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"188"}}