{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T22:30:25Z","timestamp":1781130625520,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Rhododendron toxicity can be a life-threatening situation when manifested; it results in bradycardia and hypotension. Treatment remains challenging when it is complicated with refractory hypotension involving the multiorgan system if not treated early.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 33-year-old Magar male presented with history of ingestion of two handfuls of white rhododendron flower. He had ingested the flowers believing that it would help relieve the pain and remove the materials stuck in his food pipe. Symptoms presented included muscular discomfort, dizziness, nausea, palpitation, tingling sensation around the face and lips, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and difficulty swallowing within 4\u20135\u00a0hours after the ingestion of the dried flower. High-flow oxygen, intravenous fluids, atropine, and other supportive measures were used during the emergency, followed later by transfer to the intensive care unit for further observation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The patient was discharged with complete recovery after 2\u00a0days of hospital stay. Intentional or accidental ingestion of toxic plants can be severe or even life-threatening. Thus, clinicians should be familiar with local toxic plants with grayanotoxin action.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03413-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:05:14Z","timestamp":1652396714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dried rhododendron flower ingestion presenting with bradycardia and hypotension: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sushil","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binaya Kumar","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surendra Lal","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3413_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701666306","volume":"46","author":"A Gunduz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gunduz A, Turedi S, Russell RM, Ayaz FA. Clinical review of grayanotoxin\/mad honey poisoning past and present. Clin Toxicol. 2008;46:437\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"3413_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.6144","volume":"55","author":"R Koda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koda R, Honma M, Suzuki K, Kasai A, Takeda T, Narita I, Yoshida K. Hypotension and bradycardia caused by the inadvertent ingestion of Rhododendron japonicum. Intern Med. 2016;55:839\u201342.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"3413_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(71)90303-8","volume":"9","author":"PM Scott","year":"1971","unstructured":"Scott PM, Coldwell BB, Wiberg GS. Grayanotoxins. Occurrence and analysis in honey and a comparison of toxicities in mice. Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1971;9:179\u201384.","journal-title":"Food Cosmet Toxicol"},{"key":"3413_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01715-9","volume":"465","author":"T Kimura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kimura T, Kinoshita E, Yamaoka K, Yuki T, Yakehiro M, Seyama I. On-site of action of grayanotoxin in domain 4 segment 6 of rat skeletal muscle sodium channel. FEBS Lett. 2000;465:18\u201322.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"3413_CR5","first-page":"405","volume":"14","author":"WT Poon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poon WT, Ho CH, Yip KL, Lai CK, Cheung KL, Sung RY, Chan AY, Mak TW. Grayanotoxin poisoning from Rhododendron simsii in an infant. Hong Kong Med J. 2008;14:405\u20137.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"3413_CR6","first-page":"1748","volume":"16","author":"H Oguzturk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oguzturk H, Ciftci O, Turtay MG, Yumrutepe S. Complete atrioventricular block caused by mad honey intoxication. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16:1748\u201350.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03413-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03413-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03413-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:07:26Z","timestamp":1652396846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03413-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03413-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is a retrospective case report of the successful management of dried rhododendron flower ingestion. Thus ethical approval is not relevant.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"189"}}