{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:54:04Z","timestamp":1787939644408,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease globally, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, an X-linked inherited disorder, is the most common erythrocyte enzyme defect. The association between the two in children has been infrequently reported.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report the case of a 10-year-old boy of Iraqi descent who presented to our emergency department with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus without Diabetic Keto Acidosis. He was treated with subcutaneous insulin and discharged. Eleven days after hospitalization, he was found to be jaundiced during his home visit. Hence, he was referred to the pediatric unit, and his hemoglobin had declined from 130\u00a0g\/L at the previous admission to 81\u00a0g\/L. Blood tests revealed low haptoglobin, and his peripheral blood film showed anisocytosis, polychromasia, and occasional red cell fragments suggestive of acute hemolysis. His glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was very low, and his subsequent genetic tests confirmed Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in people with diabetes mellitus has been underreported in the literature so far, and screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency should be considered on diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, especially in boys of African, Mediterranean, or Asian descent.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03549-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T23:02:51Z","timestamp":1661468571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Manifestation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the wake of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1300-8223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandhya","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Zamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Bagewadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3549_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2020.18","volume":"10","author":"M Mobasseri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Hosseini Fard H, Ghojazadeh M. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect. 2020;10(2):98\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/hpp.2020.18.","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"3549_CR2","unstructured":"BMJ Best Practice G6PD deficiency [Internet]. 2022. https:\/\/patient.info\/doctor\/glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficiency. Accessed 3 July 2022."},{"key":"3549_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1959.tb04032.x","volume":"5","author":"I Chanarin","year":"1959","unstructured":"Chanarin I, Dacie JV, Mollin DL. Folic-acid deficiency in haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 1959;5:245\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1959.tb04032.x.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"3549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0665.1000240","volume":"5","author":"F Silvestri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silvestri F, Ortuso S, Dicanio D, Costantino F. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency unmasked by hyperglycemia. Pediatr Ther. 2015;5:1\u20132.","journal-title":"Pediatr Ther"},{"key":"3549_CR5","unstructured":"\u201cYoung type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency occurring hemolysis: A case report. Biomedical Research [Internet]. 2022. https:\/\/www.alliedacademies.org\/articles\/young-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-t1dm-patient-with-glucose6phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficiency-occurring-hemolysis-a-case-report-8202.html. Accessed 3 July 2022."},{"key":"3549_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021-11-10","author":"B Orman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orman B, \u00c7etinkaya S, \u00d6ner N, Ak\u00e7aboy M, Fettah A, G\u00fclerayLafc\u0131 N, Sava\u015f E\u015e. Hemolytic anemia due to glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency triggered by type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021-11-10.","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3549_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2003.11.006","volume":"64","author":"S Vinzio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vinzio S, Andr\u00e8s E, Perrin AE, Schlienger JL, Goichot B. Glibenclamide-induced acute haemolytic anaemia revealing a G6PD-deficiency. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;64(3):181\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2003.11.006.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"3549_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000206225","volume":"74","author":"O Shalev","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shalev O, Eliakim R, Lugassy GZ, Menczel J. Hypoglycemia-induced hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Haematol. 1985;74(4):227\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000206225.","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3549_CR9","first-page":"193","volume":"9","author":"M Vanelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vanelli M, Lucentini L, Picco P, Galanello R, Chiari G, Adinolfi B, Street ME. Blood glucose normalization-induced haemolysis in three adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus at onset and unknown G-6-PD deficiency. 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J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2004;17(12):1671\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem.2004.17.12.1671.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3549_CR12","first-page":"69","volume":"80","author":"MK Errico","year":"2009","unstructured":"Errico MK, Iovane B, Bernardini A, et\u00a0al. Haemolysis during diabetic ketoacidosis treatment in two girls with incomplete glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Biomed. 2009;80(1):69\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"3549_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ALjishi F, ALDarwish M. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency induced haemolysis in a woman with newly diagnosed diabetes after normalisation of hyperglycaemia. Diabet Med. 2017;34(9):1318-1321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13385","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13385"},{"issue":"3","key":"3549_CR14","first-page":"129","volume":"55","author":"I Khneisser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khneisser I, Adib SM, Loiselet J, Megarbane A. Cost\u2013benefit analysis of G6PD screening in Lebanese newborn males. J Med Liban. 2007;55(3):129\u201332.","journal-title":"J Med Liban."},{"key":"3549_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200307","author":"N Aggarwal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aggarwal N, Rai AK, Kupfer Y, Tessler S. Immeasurable glycosylated haemoglobin: a marker for severe haemolysis. BMJ Case Rep. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-200307.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"3549_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.12.012","volume":"2013","author":"JA Danzig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Danzig JA, Moser JT, Belfield P, et\u00a0al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency diagnosed in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus and HbA1c discordant with blood glucose measurements. J Padiatr. 2011;2013:849\u201351.","journal-title":"J Padiatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03549-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03549-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03549-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T23:03:03Z","timestamp":1661468583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03549-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03549-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No ethical approval involved as it a case report. Written consent taken from patient\u2019s guardian for participating in this case report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate:"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient's legal guardian for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"320"}}