{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:11:19Z","timestamp":1769915479858,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Duplication of urethra is a very rare congenital disorder. Several types of this anomaly have been reported around the world, and are also discussed in this report. However, the mechanism of this anomaly is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 45-year-old Persian man with a complaint of recurrent urinary tract infection was referred to our clinic. He had a history of repairing penoscrotal hypospadias in childhood along with obstructive and irritating symptoms in adolescence. On his last voiding cystourethrogram and retrograde urethrogram, stenosis was observed in the proximal bulbar urethra along with a double urethra in the dorsal region of the main urethra. The double urethra was removed with operation, and he was followed for 1\u00a0month after surgery. He had no complaints of recurrence or urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This report shows the different classification systems, types of double urethra, and approach and management, which mainly involves surgery; however, surgical management should be done according to the anatomical findings of the abnormality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03580-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1664536406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Missed urethral duplication associated with hypospadias, post-hypospadias repair urethral stenosis, and recurrent urinary tract infections in an adult: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jalil","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Abouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alimohammad","family":"Mirjalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67602-1","volume":"163","author":"JLP Salle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salle JLP, Sibai H, Rosenstein D, Brzezinski AE, Corcos J. Urethral duplication in the male: review of 16 cases. J Urol. 2000;163(6):1936\u201340.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6 Pt B","key":"3580_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.03.006","volume":"9","author":"LS Onofre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Onofre LS, Gomes AL, Le\u00e3o JQ, Le\u00e3o FG, Cruz TM, Carnevale J. Urethral duplication\u2014a wide spectrum of anomalies. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(6 Pt B):1064\u201371.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3580_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00567-5","volume":"49","author":"AB Belman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Belman AB. Hypospadias update. Urology. 1997;49(2):166\u201372.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3580_CR4","first-page":"380","volume":"6","author":"P Sarkar","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sarkar P, Samanta N, Pan G, Biswas S, Banerjee T, Khatua S, et\u00a0al. Rare combination of double bladder, double urethra, dextrocardia, situs inversus, and anomalies of the genital and skeletal systems. Pediatr Surg Int. 1991;6(4):380\u20132.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1148\/119.1.179","volume":"119","author":"EL Effmann","year":"1976","unstructured":"Effmann EL, Lebowitz RL, Colodny AH. Duplication of the urethra. Radiology. 1976;119(1):179\u201385.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3580_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1979.tb03583.x","volume":"51","author":"C Woodhouse","year":"1979","unstructured":"Woodhouse C, Williams D. Duplications of the lower urinary tract in children. Br J Urol. 1979;51(6):481\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3580_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62427-3","volume":"160","author":"ML Podesta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Podesta ML, Medel R, Castera R, Ruarte AC. Urethral duplication in children: surgical treatment and results. J Urol. 1998;160(5):1830\u20133.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3580_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2009.07.006","volume":"6","author":"RA Coleman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coleman RA, Winkle DC, Borzi PA. Urethral duplication: cases of ventral and dorsal complete duplication and review of the literature. J Pediatr Urol. 2010;6(2):188\u201391.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03580-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03580-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03580-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T12:10:18Z","timestamp":1664539818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03580-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03580-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written consent was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying image. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"355"}}