{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:46:28Z","timestamp":1746081988504,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cervical epidural hematoma (CEH) is defined as a collection of blood in the suprameningeal space. Mechanisms of this rare pathology include spontaneous, postsurgical, and traumatic as the main subtypes. This unique case of traumatic CEH represents an even smaller subset of these cases. Management varies by symptom presentation, mechanism of injury, and other contraindications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case presents a 32\u00a0year old African American female on an oral anticoagulant sustaining traumatic cervical hematoma after a motor vehicle collision. Patient complained of neck, abdominal, and back pain. Imaging revealed a cervical spinal hematoma at the level of C3\u2013C6. This case discusses the management of CEH for the general population and in the setting of anticoagulation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Management of each case of CEH must be carefully considered and tailored based on their symptom presentation and progression\u00a0of disease. As the use of anticoagulation including factor Xa inhibitors becomes more prevalent, there is greater need to understand the detailed pathophysiological aspect of the injuries. Targeted reversal agents such as Prothrombin Concentrate can be used for conservative treatment. Adjunct testing such as thromboelastogram can be used to help guide management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-04069-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T09:02:28Z","timestamp":1699347748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Management of traumatic cervical epidural hematoma in patients on Xa-inhibitors: a\u00a0case report and review of the\u00a0literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Issagholian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tegan","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasha","family":"Raoufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron C.","family":"Neeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0050-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael M.","family":"Neeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4069_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2019.15.e26","volume":"15","author":"HS Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee HS, Ju CI, Kim SW. Traumatic cervical epidural hematoma without osseous fracture presenting as hemiparesis. Korean J Neurotrauma. 2019;15(2):209.","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"4069_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e184","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001756","volume":"35","author":"Y Samanci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samanci Y, Baskurt I, Celik SE. Traumatic retroclival epidural hematoma. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019;35(10):e184\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4069_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12920","volume":"30","author":"L Brichko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brichko L, Giddey B, Tee J, Niggemeyer L, Fitzgerald M. Cervical spine traumatic epidural haematomas: incidence and characteristics. Emerg Med Australas. 2018;30(3):359\u201365.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"4069_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_1046_2022","volume":"13","author":"DY Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu DY, Greeneway GP, Falls CJ, Page PS, Ahmed AS. Delayed spinal epidural hematoma following T1 chance fracture: an illustrative case and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:593.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4069_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/CASE22431","author":"PB de Andrada","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Andrada PB, Meyer BM, Reyes AA, Orenday-Barraza JM, Brasiliense LB, Hurlbert RJ. Traumatic cervical spine subarachnoid hemorrhage with hematoma and cord compression presenting as Brown-S\u00e9q\u00fcard syndrome: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/CASE22431.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons"},{"issue":"11","key":"4069_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.060","volume":"48","author":"PA Ricart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ricart PA, Verma R, Fineberg SJ, et al. Post-traumatic cervical spine epidural hematoma: incidence and risk factors. Injury. 2017;48(11):2529\u201333.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"4069_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.17140\/EMOJ-3-139","volume":"3","author":"S Avc\u0131","year":"2017","unstructured":"Avc\u0131 S, Eser M. Traumatic spinal epi-dural hematoma with neurological def-icit. Emerg Med Open J. 2017;3(2):42\u20133.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Open J"},{"key":"4069_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_142_18","volume":"9","author":"S Kashyap","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kashyap S, Majeed G, Lawandy S. A rare case of Brown-Sequard syndrome caused by traumatic cervical epidural hematoma. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9:213.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4069_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1590\/s1679-45082010rc1748","volume":"8","author":"LMR Rodrigues","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodrigues LMR, Abreu F, Fujiki EN, Milani C. Delayed traumatic spinal epidural hematoma with neurological deficits. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2010;8:477\u20139.","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"4069_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.01.029","volume":"86","author":"Y Musha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Musha Y, Kinjo S, Ishimine Y, Takesue Y, Sakamoto T, Ito K. Therapeutic strategy for acute spinal cord paralysis by epidural hematoma derived from the application of non-operative observation and the optimal timing to convert to surgical intervention. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;86:242\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4069_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1834938.469","volume":"15","author":"FC Tamburrelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tamburrelli FC, Meluzio MC, Masci G, Perna A, Burrofato A, Proietti L. Etiopathogenesis of traumatic spinal epidural hematoma. Neurospine. 2018;15(1):101.","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"issue":"4","key":"4069_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248419838502","volume":"24","author":"MP Kovacevic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kovacevic MP, Lupi KE, Wong A, Gilmore JF, Malloy R. Evaluation of the effect of apixaban on INR in the inpatient population. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2019;24(4):355\u20138.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4069_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.05.051","volume":"85","author":"L Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou L, Li Y, Yang X, et al. Effect of prior anticoagulation therapy on stroke severity and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2023;85:62\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4069_CR14","first-page":"53","volume":"102","author":"AP Josef","year":"2022","unstructured":"Josef AP, Garcia NM. Systemic anticoagulation and reversal. Surg Clin. 2022;102(1):53\u201363.","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"4069_CR15","volume":"12","author":"K Fischer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischer K, Bodalbhai F, Awudi E, Surani S. Reversing bleeding associated with antiplatelet use: the role of tranexamic acid. Cureus. 2020;12(9): e10290.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"4069_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317699285","volume":"26","author":"C Comarmond","year":"2017","unstructured":"Comarmond C, Jego P, Veyssier-Belot C, et al. Cessation of oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2017;26(12):1291\u20136.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"8","key":"4069_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201008000-00006","volume":"18","author":"A Al-Mutair","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Mutair A, Bednar DA. Spinal epidural hematoma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18(8):494\u2013502.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4069_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.131106","volume":"5","author":"Y-P Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng Y-P, Lee K-W, Lin P-Y, et al. Full-endoscopic interlaminar removal of chronic lumbar epidural hematoma after spinal manipulation. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5:55.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4069_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.5.0798","volume":"68","author":"G Pang","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pang G, Kulkarni M, Macdougall D, Miner M. Traumatic epidural haematoma of the cervical spine: diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:798\u2013801.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4069_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.6.816","volume":"69","author":"J Dufill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dufill J, Sparrow O, Millar J. Can spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma be managed safely without surgery? A report of four cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69:816\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4069_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2185\/jrm.3005","volume":"14","author":"F Eto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eto F, Tatsumura M, Iwabuchi S, Ogawa T, Mammoto T, Hirano A. Clinical features of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. J Rural Med. 2019;14(2):206\u201310.","journal-title":"J Rural Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4069_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.08.001","volume":"50","author":"AG Burton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burton AG, Jandrey KE. Use of thromboelastography in clinical practice. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract. 2020;50(6):1397\u2013409.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"4069_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqz074","volume":"152","author":"AE Schmidt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmidt AE, Israel AK, Refaai MA. The utility of thromboelastography to guide blood product transfusion: an ACLPS critical review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2019;152(4):407\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4069_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03945.x","volume":"8","author":"D Frith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frith D, Goslings JC, Gaarder C, et al. Definition and drivers of acute traumatic coagulopathy: clinical and experimental investigations. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(9):1919\u201325.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"15","key":"4069_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab182","volume":"78","author":"BW Gilbert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilbert BW, Ott MJ, Philip GJ. Thromboelastography utilization for dabigatran reversal in a patient with acute kidney injury. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2021;78(15):1382\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"4069_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003061","volume":"132","author":"SP Myers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Myers SP, Dyer MR, Hassoune A, et al. Correlation of thromboelastography with apparent rivaroxaban concentration: has point-of-care testing improved? Anesthesiology. 2020;132(2):280\u201390.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04069-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04069-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04069-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T10:05:41Z","timestamp":1699351541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04069-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04069-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1752-1947"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval to report this case was obtained from Arrowhead Regional Medical Center Institutional Review Board with the approval number CS 22\u201352. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and from a parent and\/or legal guardian.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"488"}}