{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T21:24:02Z","timestamp":1768253042201,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> are aerobic Gram-positive bacilli that can invade multiple organ systems, including the brain and lungs. It is most frequently found in patients who are immunocompromised. Invasive nocardial disease is a potentially life-threatening infection that can pose a diagnostic challenge.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our case details a 76-year-old Indian woman with poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus admitted for confusion and falls. Imaging revealed intracranial abscesses and necrotic masses in the mediastinum and lungs. The suspected diagnosis was tuberculosis; however, she underwent extensive workup without a final diagnosis. Ultimately, a craniotomy with partial brain abscess resection was performed. Dura matter samples revealed <jats:italic>Nocardia farcinica<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case illustrates the importance of considering <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> in patients with brain abscesses, particularly in those with immunocompromised states and demonstrates the diagnostic challenges that may arise in definitively making this diagnosis. Invasive procedures may be needed for diagnostic confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-04071-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:01:50Z","timestamp":1691539310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nocardia brain abscess in a patient with diabetes: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0767-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelle","family":"Boctor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Aronowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199410000-00007","volume":"35","author":"AN Mamelak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mamelak AN, Obana WG, Flaherty JF, Rosenblum ML. Nocardial brain abscess: treatment strategies and factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery. 1994;35(4):622\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/00006123-199410000-00007.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"4071_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05052-0","volume":"20","author":"JW Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu JW, Zhou H, Jia WQ, et\u00a0al. A clinical case report of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in a non-immunocompromised patient and a relevant literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05052-0.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4071_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.01.032","volume":"17","author":"YJ Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin YJ, Yang KY, Ho JT, Lee TC, Wang HC, Su FW. Nocardial brain abscess. J Clin Neurosci. 2010;17(2):250\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.01.032.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"4071_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.891","volume":"22","author":"PI Lerner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lerner PI. Nocardiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(6):891\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.891. (quiz 904\u20135).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4071_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016","volume":"87","author":"JW Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson JW. Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(4):403\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"4071_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200134","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200134","volume":"13","author":"SC LaHue","year":"2023","unstructured":"LaHue SC, Guterman EL, Mikhail M, Li Y, Cha S, Richie MB. Clinical and radiographic characteristics of\u00a0Nocardia\u00a0vs Non-Nocardia\u00a0brain abscesses. Neurol Clin Pract. 2023;13(2):e200134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200134.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"4071_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"067","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab067","volume":"8","author":"C CorsiniCampioli","year":"2021","unstructured":"CorsiniCampioli C, Castillo Almeida NE, O\u2019Horo JC, Challener D, Go JR, DeSimone DC, Sohail MR. Clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with brain abscess due to\u00a0Nocardia\u00a0species. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8(4):067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab067.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4071_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006","volume":"19","author":"BA Brown-Elliott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ Jr. Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(2):259\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"4071_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200209000-00010","volume":"51","author":"GY Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee GY, Daniel RT, Brophy BP, Reilly PL. Surgical treatment of nocardial brain abscesses. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(3):668\u201371 (discussion 671-2).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"4071_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19373","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.19373","volume":"13","author":"WD Browne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Browne WD, Lieberson RE, Kabbesh MJ. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica brain and lung abscesses in 77-year-old man with diabetes. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.19373.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"4071_CR11","first-page":"407","volume":"95","author":"HA Rahdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahdar HA, Heidari H, Karami-Zarandi M, Soori T, Asadollahi P, Kazemian H. Brain abscess caused by\u00a0Nocardia asteroides\u00a0in a diabetic patient: a rare case report. Yale J Biol Med. 2022;95(4):407\u201311.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04071-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04071-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04071-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:02:19Z","timestamp":1691539339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04071-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04071-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board or Ethics approval was not needed for this manuscript. Informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient\u2019s family members (as patient is deceased) prior to submission of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient's next-of-kin for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"336"}}