{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1787020923168,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hydrocele, an abnormal fluid collection between parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis, is the commonest cause of scrotal swelling, and it affects all age groups. Calcification of hydrocele sac\/wall is a rare clinical entity. The etiology of calcification of hydrocele sac is not clear, but most literature proposes that calcification is secondary to chronic irritation. Trauma and infectious diseases including\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , filariasis, and tuberculosis can also cause calcification of the hydrocele sac.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 74-year-old Ethiopian male patient presented with left side scrotal swelling of 3\u00a0years duration, which was initially small but progressively increased. He had no history of trauma, and he had no history of swelling on the contralateral side. Scrotal ultrasound (US) showed a large echodebrinous left-side scrotal collection with calcifications, bilateral testis appear normal in size, echogenicity, and color Doppler flow with the index of likely chronic hematocele. Therefore, with a diagnosis of left-sided calcified hydrocele, the patient was operated on and the calcified sac was excised and sent for histopathology. Finally, the patient was discharged improved after 2\u00a0days of hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcification of the tunica vaginalis is very rare and is probably due to chronic irritation of the wall from the coexisting hydrocele. Surgical excision of calcified hydrocele sac is the treatment of choice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-04076-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T20:01:51Z","timestamp":1692043311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Eggshell calcified hydrocele sac:\u00a0a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yohannis Derbew","family":"Molla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desyibelew Chanie","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheru Lilay","family":"Gebrehiwot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanuel Kassa","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Addisu","family":"Abera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidetu","family":"Temeche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4076_CR1","unstructured":"Dave PK, Gupta V, Mishra R, Jain M, Bapat M, Tapadia R. Enlarged scrotum, an unusual cause-eggshell calcification of hydrocele on Lt with inguino-scrotal hernia and encysted hydrocele on Rt side, Imaging of a case & review."},{"issue":"1","key":"4076_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232827","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232827","volume":"13","author":"A Goel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goel A, Kumar P, Jain M, Singh G. Eggshell calcification in a case of longstanding hydrocele. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(1):e232827.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1983.tb07099.x","volume":"55","author":"N Kokotas","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kokotas N, Kontogeorgos L, Kyriakidis A. Calcification of the tunica vaginalis. Br J Urol. 1983;55(1):128.","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009403","volume":"15","author":"AD Beyene","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beyene AD, Kebede F, Mammo BM, Negash BK, Mihret A, Abetew S, et al. The implementation and impact of a pilot hydrocele surgery camp for LF-endemic communities in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(10): e0009403.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4076_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.08.053","volume":"70","author":"A Goel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goel A, Singh V, Dalela D. Calcification of tunica vaginalis in a case of longstanding hydrocele. Urology. 2007;70(5):1006.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"8","key":"4076_CR6","first-page":"1421","volume":"35","author":"E Koh","year":"1989","unstructured":"Koh E, Kondoh N, Kiyohara H, Fujioka H, Kokado Y. A case of chronic huge hematocele. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1989;35(8):1421\u20134.","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"4076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutreja D, Murali M, Arya A. Pseudotumors of paratesticular region mimicking malignancy. Arch Int Surg. 2013; 13 (3):[about 3 p.].","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-9596.117142"},{"key":"4076_CR8","unstructured":"Barolia DK, Gupta SP, Sethi D, Sharma M. Eggshell calcification of hydrocele sac-A rare case."},{"issue":"9","key":"4076_CR9","first-page":"845","volume":"40","author":"M Gakiya","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gakiya M, Nakai H, Higuchi A, Shishido S, Kawamura T. Scrotal calcification associated with hydrocele testis in a child: a case report. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1994;40(9):845\u20137.","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"issue":"3","key":"4076_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.3.10470915","volume":"173","author":"SE Chung","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chung SE, Frush DP, Fordham LA. Sonographic appearances of extratesticular fluid and fluid-containing scrotal masses in infants and children: clues to diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173(3):741\u20135.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4076_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.11.1581","volume":"28","author":"I Conkbay\u0131r","year":"2009","unstructured":"Conkbay\u0131r I, Yanik B, Keyik B, Hekimogl\u016d B. Eggshell calcification of the testis: ultrasonographic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(11):1581\u20133.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4076_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193503072121004","volume":"212","author":"CJE Kickham","year":"1935","unstructured":"Kickham CJE. Calcified hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis: Case report. N Engl J Med. 1935;212(10):419\u2013419.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04076-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04076-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04076-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T08:35:48Z","timestamp":1700210148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04076-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-023-04076-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The case report has been submitted for Ethical Board Review and approved as ethically sound report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"363"}}