{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:40:28Z","timestamp":1765280428557,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While\u00a0noninvasive imaging is typically used during the\u00a0initial assessment of carotid artery disease, digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for evaluating carotid stent thrombosis and stenosis (Krawisz in <jats:italic>Cardiol Clin<\/jats:italic> 39:539\u2013549, 2021). This case highlights the importance of digital subtraction angiography for assessing carotid artery stent patency\u00a0in place of\u00a0non-invasive imaging.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present a 61-year-old African American male patient with a history of right cervical internal carotid artery dissection that was treated with carotid artery stenting and endovascular thrombectomy, who developed recurrent right hemispheric infarcts related to delayed carotid stent thrombosis. Digital subtraction angiography found multiple filling defects consistent with extensive in-stent thrombosis not clearly observed with magnetic resonance angiography. Etiology was likely secondary to chronic antiplatelet noncompliance. Therefore, the patient was treated medically with a heparin drip, and dual antiplatelet therapy\u00a0(dAPT) was restarted. At 1-month follow-up the patient did not report new motor or sensory deficits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the setting of delayed carotid stent thrombosis secondary to antiplatelet noncompliance, digital subtraction angiography may play an essential diagnostic role for early identification and determination of the most appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04379-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T01:01:58Z","timestamp":1708563718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Importance of cerebral angiography in the evaluation of delayed carotid stent thrombosis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zaki","family":"Masoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1182-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Felipe","family":"Daza-Ovalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Esenwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4379_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2009.02.008","volume":"2","author":"A Iancu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iancu A, Grosz C, Lazar A. Acute carotid stent thrombosis: review of the literature and long-term follow-up. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2010;2:110\u20133.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4379_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574416665986","volume":"50","author":"KG Moulakakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moulakakis KG, Mylonas SN, Lazaris A, Tsivgoulis G, Kakisis J, Sfyroeras GS, et al. Acute carotid stent thrombosis: a comprehensive review. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2016;50(7):511\u201321.","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"4379_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1161\/str.32.11.2700","volume":"32","author":"S Chaturvedi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S, Sohrab S, Tselis A. Carotid stent thrombosis: report of 2 fatal cases. Stroke. 2001;32(11):2700\u20132.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"4379_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.06.031","volume":"42","author":"C Setacci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Setacci C, de Donato G, Setacci F, Chisci E, Cappelli A, Pieraccini M, et al. Surgical management of acute carotid thrombosis after carotid stenting: a report of three cases. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(5):993\u20136.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4379_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.45.253","volume":"45","author":"T Okazaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okazaki T, Satomi J, Satoh K, Hirasawa M, Nagahiro S. Rescue revascularization therapy with a stent-in-stent technique for acute intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2005;45(5):253\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4379_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505215","volume":"374","author":"TG Brott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brott TG, Howard G, Roubin GS, Meschia JF, Mackey A, Brooks W, et al. Long-term results of stenting versus endarterectomy for carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(11):1021\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4379_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.10645","volume":"60","author":"MH Wholey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wholey MH, Al-Mubarek N, Wholey MH. Updated review of the global carotid artery stent registry. Cathet Cardio Intervent. 2003;60(2):259\u201366.","journal-title":"Cathet Cardio Intervent"},{"issue":"4","key":"4379_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2021.06.007","volume":"39","author":"AK Krawisz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krawisz AK, Carroll BJ, Secemsky EA. Risk stratification and management of extracranial carotid artery disease. Cardiol Clin. 2021;39(4):539\u201349.","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"4379_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.054","volume":"121","author":"DR Felbaum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Felbaum DR, Maxwell C, Naydin S, Ringer A, Hanel RA, Sauvageau E, et al. Carotid stenosis: utility of diagnostic angiography. World Neurosurg. 2019;121:e962\u20136.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4379_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556056","volume":"24","author":"T Adla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adla T, Adlova R. Multimodality imaging of carotid stenosis. Int J Angiol. 2015;24(3):179\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Angiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04379-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04379-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04379-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T01:02:16Z","timestamp":1708563736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04379-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04379-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1752-1947"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Zaki Masoud, Dr. Juan Felipe Daza-Ovalle, and Dr. Charles Esenwa have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"109"}}