{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:54:44Z","timestamp":1792788884525,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study reports the first cases of scleritis following intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) injection for nAMD, emphasizing the need to be aware of the possibility of scleritis following IVBr injections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Case 1. A 74-year-old Japanese man with nAMD complained of conjunctivitis and decreased vision in the right eye 8\u00a0days after his eighth IVBr injection. Examination revealed scleritis without anterior inflammation. Topical 0.1% betamethasone and 0.3% gatifloxacin eye drops were started. The scleritis worsened in the following 2\u00a0weeks and became painful. He underwent sub-Tenon\u2019s capsule triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) injection. Two days later, he returned with a complaint of severe vision loss. Fundus examination revealed retinal artery occlusion, vasculitis, and vitreous opacity in the right eye. Vitreous surgery was performed. Case 2. An 85-year-old Japanese woman with nAMD in the right eye complained of reddening of the eye 27\u00a0days after her fifth IVBr injection. Examination showed conjunctivitis and scleritis without anterior inflammation in the right eye. She was started on 0.1% fluorometholone and 0.5% levofloxacin hydrate eye drops. The scleritis worsened in the following 3\u00a0weeks. Her treatment was switched to 0.1% betamethasone eye drops. One month later, the scleritis had improved and a sixth IVBr injection was administered. There was no worsening of the scleritis at that time. However, 1\u00a0month after a seventh IVBr injection, she complained of severe hyperemia and decreased vision. Fundus examination revealed vitreous opacification. She underwent STTA, and the vitreous opacity improved in 24\u00a0days. Case 3. A 57-year-old Japanese man with nAMD complained of pain and decreased vision in the right eye 21\u00a0days after a fourth IVBr injection. Examination revealed scleritis with high intraocular pressure but no anterior chamber or fundus inflammation. STTA and topical eye drops were performed. One month later, scleritis improved but visual acuity didn\u2019t due to progression of nAMD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intraocular inflammation following IVBr injection may progress to the posterior segment. Scleritis can occur after IVBr injection, and topical eye drops alone may not be sufficient for initial treatment. Clinicians should consider the possibility of scleritis in patients with worsening inflammation after IVBr injection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04402-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T01:02:00Z","timestamp":1709168520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Scleritis following intravitreal brolucizumab injection: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Takayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-8169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Inoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rika","family":"Tsukii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Kasuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.10.1153","volume":"85","author":"Y Oshima","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oshima Y, Ishibashi T, Murata T, Tahara Y, Kiyohara Y, Kubota T. Prevalence of age related maculopathy in a representative Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85(10):1153\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4402_CR2","volume":"5","author":"E Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li E, Donati S, Lindsley KB, Krzystolik MG, Virgili G. Treatment regimens for administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;5(5): CD012208.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"4402_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003582","volume":"42","author":"NS Patil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patil NS, Dhoot AS, Popovic MM, Kertes PJ, Muni RH. Risk of intraocular inflammation after injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents: a meta-analysis. 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The study procedures followed the guidelines of the institution.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The following authors have no financial disclosures: T.T., R.T., H.Y., Y.K., R.T. S.I.: Lecturer\u2019s fees from Kowa and Novartis and grants from Novartis, outside this work. H.T.: Patent pending of this work; lecturer\u2019s fees from Santen, Kowa, Senju, Novartis, and Bayer; grants from Senju, Novartis, and Bayer; a founder of DeepEyeVision, Inc.; patents outside this work. K.N: Lecturer\u2019s fees from Novartis outside this work. Y.A.: Lecturer\u2019s fees from Santen, Kowa, Senju, and Bayer; grants from Heiwa-Iyo, Novartis and Bayer outside this work. H.K.: Lecturer\u2019s fees from Otsuka, Senju, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Kowa, Santen, Novartis, and Zeiss; grants from Senju, Linical, DeepEyeVision, HOYA, Santen, Heiwa-Iyou, and Bayer, outside this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"80"}}