{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T22:19:36Z","timestamp":1778710776877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case describes the youngest patient documented in the literature who presented with a giant hydatidiform mole, effectively addressed through conservative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our department received a 20-year-old Caucasian patient who was admitted due to significant metrorrhagia in an undisclosed pregnancy. During examination, we identified a massive, highly vascularized hydatidiform mole measuring 22\u00a0cm (cm). We performed a surgical dilatation and curettage. The anatomopathological findings confirmed the presence of a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM). Following the established guidelines, we conducted weekly monitoring of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Unfortunately, the patient discontinued the follow-up and became pregnant again before achieving hCG negativation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case suggests that conservative treatment is a viable option regardless of the size of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), especially when the preservation of fertility is a crucial consideration, as effectively demonstrated in our case.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04474-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:02:21Z","timestamp":1718236941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Giant complete hydatidiform mole: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Iris","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzy","family":"Fopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Van Vinckenroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Maillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4474_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160140","volume":"37","author":"AM Shaaban","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaaban AM, Rezvani M, Haroun RR, Kennedy AM, Elsayes KM, Olpin JD, et al. Gestational trophoblastic disease: clinical and imaging features. Radiographics. 2017;37(2):681\u2013700.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4474_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14953.1","volume":"8","author":"F Ning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ning F, Hou H, Morse AN, Lash GE. Understanding and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. F1000Research. 2019;8:428.","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"4474_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.04.001","volume":"114","author":"R Nadhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nadhan R, Vaman JV, Nirmala C, Kumar Sengodan S, Krishnakumar Hemalatha S, Rajan A, et al. Insights into dovetailing GTD and cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;114:77\u201390.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.10.003","volume":"163","author":"NS Horowitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horowitz NS, Eskander RN, Adelman MR, Burke W. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a Society of Gynecologic Oncology evidenced-based review and recommendation. Gynecol Oncol. 2021;163(3):605\u201313.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aoa.0000912224.58015.e6","volume":"43","author":"HYS Ngan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngan HYS, Seckl MJ, Berkowitz RS, Xiang Y, Golfier F, Sekharan PK, et al. Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2021 update. Obstet Anesth Dig. 2023;43(1):8\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Anesth Dig"},{"issue":"8","key":"4474_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.31083\/j.ceog5008160","volume":"50","author":"T Golia D\u2019Aug\u00e8","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golia D\u2019Aug\u00e8 T, Giannini A, Bogani G, Di Dio C, Lagan\u00e0 AS, Di Donato V, et al. Prevention, screening, treatment and follow-up of gynecological cancers: state of art and future perspectives. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2023;50(8):160.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4474_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2021.02.005","volume":"74","author":"B Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur B. Pathology of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;74:3\u201328.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"9742","key":"4474_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60280-2","volume":"376","author":"MJ Seckl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seckl MJ, Sebire NJ, Berkowitz RS. Gestational trophoblastic disease. The Lancet. 2010;376(9742):717\u201329.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2592","volume":"27","author":"DJ Fowler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fowler DJ, Lindsay I, Seckl MJ, Sebire NJ. Routine pre-evacuation ultrasound diagnosis of hydatidiform mole: experience of more than 1000 cases from a regional referral center. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;27(1):56\u201360.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4474_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.03.002","volume":"40","author":"LH Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin LH, Polizio R, Fushida K, Francisco RPV. Imaging in gestational trophoblastic disease. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI. 2019;40(4):332\u201349.","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MRI"},{"key":"4474_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.02.011","volume":"130","author":"C Lok","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lok C, van Trommel N, Massuger L, Golfier F, Seckl M, Abreu MH, et al. Practical clinical guidelines of the EOTTD for treatment and referral of gestational trophoblastic disease. Eur J Cancer. 2020;130:228\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003566","volume":"135","author":"BB Albright","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albright BB, Shorter JM, Mastroyannis SA, Ko EM, Schreiber CA, Sonalkar S. gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after human chorionic gonadotropin normalization following molar pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):12\u201323.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00063-2","volume":"77","author":"FIGO Oncology Committee","year":"2002","unstructured":"FIGO Oncology Committee. FIGO staging for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 2000: FIGO Oncology Committee. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2002;77(3):285\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000674","volume":"33","author":"JJ Clark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark JJ, Slater S, Seckl MJ. Treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease in the 2020s. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2021;33(1):7\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.07.024","volume":"155","author":"K Balachandran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balachandran K, Salawu A, Ghorani E, Kaur B, Sebire NJ, Short D, et al. When to stop human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) surveillance after treatment with chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN): a national analysis on over 4,000 patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;155(1):8\u201312.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4474_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-017-0502-0","volume":"18","author":"B Chiofalo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiofalo B, Palmara V, Lagan\u00e0 AS, Triolo O, Vitale SG, Conway F, et al. Fertility sparing strategies in patients affected by placental site trophoblastic tumor. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2017;18(10):58.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4182-y","volume":"295","author":"G Santoro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santoro G, Lagan\u00e0 AS, Micali A, Barresi V, Giacobbe V, Palmara V. Historical, morphological and clinical overview of placental site trophoblastic tumors: from bench to bedside. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017;295(1):173\u201387.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6","key":"4474_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2016.59.6.548","volume":"59","author":"A Akyol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akyol A, \u015eim\u015fek M, \u00dc\u00e7er \u00d6. Giant invasive mole presenting as a cause of abdominopelvic mass in a perimenopausal woman: an unusual presentation of a rare pathology. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2016;59(6):548.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200501000-00024","volume":"15","author":"CAR Lok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lok CAR, Zurcher AF, van der Velden J. A case of a hydatidiform mole in a 56-year-old woman. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2005;15(1):163\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-008-0734-0","volume":"279","author":"L Struthmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Struthmann L, G\u00fcnthner-Biller M, Bergauer F, Friese K, Mylonas I. Complete hydatidiform mole in a perimenopausal woman with a subsequent severe thyriotoxicosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;279(3):411\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"4474_CR21","first-page":"62","volume":"208","author":"J Pirhonen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pirhonen J, J\u00e4rvi KJ, V\u00e4h\u00e4-Eskeli KK, Erkkola R. Hydatidiform mole in a 56-year-old woman. Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl. 1994;208:62\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"4474_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.01.010","volume":"93","author":"S Ta\u015fk\u0131n","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ta\u015fk\u0131n S, Cengiz B, Orta\u00e7 F. Invasive mole in a postmenopausal woman. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2006;93(2):156\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"sep 07 1","key":"4474_CR23","first-page":"bcr2012006213","volume":"2012","author":"S Mehrotra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehrotra S, Singh U, Chauhan S. Molar pregnancy in postmenopausal women: a rare phenomenon. Case Rep. 2012;2012(sep 07 1):bcr2012006213\u2013bcr2012006213.","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0315","volume":"16","author":"Y Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan Y, Jiang G, Jin Y, Hao Z. Perimenopausal giant hydatidiform mole complicated with preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism: a case report and literature review. Open Med. 2021;16(1):1038\u201342.","journal-title":"Open Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04474-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04474-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04474-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:03:45Z","timestamp":1718237025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04474-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04474-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We have patient consent and ethical commit approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"277"}}