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It has been extensively studied in lower respiratory tract infections in horses, which has heparinolytic activity and can secrete heparinase and further induces virulence factors in cells and causes disease. However, no such cases have been reported in humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 58-year-old male patient from China presented to the respiratory clinic in Suzhou with a productive cough producing white sputum for 20\u00a0days and fever for 3\u00a0days. Prior to this visit, a chest computed tomography scan was conducted, which revealed multiple patchy nodular opacities in both lungs. On admission, the patient presented with a temperature of 38.1\u00a0\u00b0C and a pulse rate of 110\u00a0beats per minute. Despite routine anti-infective treatment with moxifloxacin, his temperature fluctuated and the treatment was ineffective. The patient was diagnosed with\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>heparinolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection through metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Therefore, the antibiotics were switched to piperacillin\u2013tazobactam in combination with ornidazole, which alleviated his symptoms; 1\u00a0week after discharge, the patient returned to the clinic for a follow-up chest computed tomography, and the opacities on the lungs continued to be absorbed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>heparinolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an opportunistic pathogen. However, it has not been reported in human pneumonia. In refractory pneumonia, measures such as metagenomic next-generation sequencing can be used to identify pathogens and help guide antibiotic selection and early support.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04538-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T20:02:02Z","timestamp":1714420922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Refractory pneumonia caused by Prevotella heparinolytica: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiongzhou","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4538_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021934","volume":"123","author":"M Watanabe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Tsuda H, Yamada S, et\u00a0al. 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