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Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging radiotherapy modality that has been shown to have a favorable anti-tumor effect, even for tumors resistant to conventional photon radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, there is no report on CIRT outcomes for mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We treated a 47-year-old Japanese woman with mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (T2bN0M0 and stage IIB according to the 7th edition of the Union for International Cancer Control and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, respectively) with CIRT combined with brachytherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. CIRT consisted of whole pelvic irradiation and boost irradiation to the gross tumor; 36.0\u00a0Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 12 fractions and 19.2\u00a0Gy (RBE) in 4 fractions, respectively, performed once a day, four times per week. Computed tomography-based image-guided adaptive brachytherapy was performed after completion of CIRT, for which the D<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> (i.e., the dose prescribed to 90% of the target volume) for the high-risk clinical target volume was 20.4\u00a0Gy in a total of 3 sessions in 2\u00a0weeks. A weekly cisplatin (40\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) dose was administered concomitantly with the radiotherapy for a total of five courses. From 4\u00a0months post-CIRT, the patient developed metastasis of the lung, with a total of 10 lung metastases over 70\u00a0months; these lesions were treated on each occasion by photon stereotactic body radiotherapy and\/or systemic therapy. At 8\u00a0years from initial treatment (i.e., 2\u00a0years after the last treatment), the patient is alive without any evidence of recurrence and maintains a high quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first report of CIRT for treatment of mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The present case indicates the potential efficacy of CIRT in combination with brachytherapy for treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04548-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:02:13Z","timestamp":1715212933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Carbon ion radiotherapy for mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nao","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Oike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-ei","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Kogure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumihito","family":"Nobusawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsunari","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30482-6","volume":"8","author":"M Arbyn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjos\u00e9 S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"228"}}