{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:27:29Z","timestamp":1720571249638},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> is the second most common infectious cause of death in adults worldwide. The ability of this organism to efficiently establish latent infection has enabled it to spread to nearly one-third of individuals worldwide. Approximately 8 million new cases of active tuberculosis disease occur each year, leading to about 1.7 million deaths. The disease incidence is magnified by the concurrent epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection. A total of 1.3 million people died from tuberculosis in 2022. In 2022, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis worldwide, including 5.8 million men, 3.5 million women, and 1.3 million children. We report a case of thyroid tuberculosis presenting as multinodular goiter. Neck ultrasound was done and revealed abscess collection on the background of multinodular colloid goiter. The diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis was confirmed by a positive GeneXpert of the pus sample and the presence of extensive caseous necrosis on cytopathology examination. Furthermore, anterior neck swelling may provide a diagnostic challenge by clinically mimicking multinodular goiter or thyroid neoplasms. Owing to its rarity and its tendency to pose a clinical diagnostic challenge, we decided to report it.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 60-year-old retired female Ethiopian high-school teacher presented to University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia with firm, nontender multinodular anterior neck swelling measuring at largest 2\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u00a0cm that moves with swallowing. GeneXpert of the pus sample and cytopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis, and the patient was started on 2 rifampicin\u2212ethambutol\u2212isoniazid\u2212pyrazinamide\/4 rifampicin\u2212isoniazid 3 tablets by mouth\/day, which is defined as the preferred first-line anti-tuberculosis regimen in Ethiopia, and pyridoxine 50\u00a0mg by mouth per day for 6\u00a0months. Since then, she has been followed with regular liver function tests. The patient has shown a smooth course with no significant adverse effects encountered. Currently, the patient has completed her anti-tuberculosis treatment and is doing well.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the clinical evaluation of a patient with anterior neck swelling, tuberculosis must be considered as a differential diagnosis in subjects from endemic areas for early diagnostic workup and management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04592-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:01:54Z","timestamp":1720483314000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thyroid tuberculosis mimicking multinodular goiter: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Endeshaw Asaye","family":"Kindie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tigist Hailu","family":"Belachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidetu Temeche","family":"Habte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Addisu","family":"Abera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Addisu Minaye","family":"Dejen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sileshi Ayele","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohannis Derbew","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4592_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tuberculosis (TB). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/default.htm. Accessed 8 Mar 2023."},{"key":"4592_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Global tuberculosis report 2017. WHO. 2017."},{"key":"4592_CR3","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Ethiopia. Annual performance, report, 2014 EFY\/2021\u20132022. MOH, Ethiopia; 2022. Accessed 02 Oct 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"4592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad052","volume":"52","author":"KA Alene","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alene KA, Python A, Weiss DJ, Elagali A, Wagaw ZA, Kumsa A, Gething PW, Clements AC. Mapping tuberculosis prevalence in Ethiopia using geospatial meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2023;52(4):1124\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"4592_CR5","unstructured":"WHO. Global tuberculosis report 2023. WHO. 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"4592_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.09.006","volume":"68","author":"LK Bansal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bansal LK, Gupta S, Gupta AK, Chaudhary P. Thyroid tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc. 2021;68(2):272\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"4592_CR7","first-page":"78","volume":"1","author":"S Akbulut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbulut S, Demyati K, Yavuz R, Sogutcu N, Samdanci ET, Yagmur Y. Coexistence of tuberculosis and extra nodal marginal zone lymphoma of the thyroid gland: case report and literature review. Ann Med Surg. 2022;1:78.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"4592_CR8","first-page":"52","volume":"29","author":"SK Garg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Garg SK, Ganapathy V, Bandhopadhya PK, Gupta SK, Dash RJ. Pyrexia of unknown origin as rare presentation of tuberculosis thyroiditis. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1987;29:52\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"4592_CR9","first-page":"67","volume":"4","author":"CA BasilioDeOliveira","year":"2000","unstructured":"BasilioDeOliveira CA. Infectious and neoplastic disorders of the thyroid in AIDS patients: an autopsy study. Braz J Infect Dis. 2000;4:67\u201375.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4592_CR10","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2022","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"4592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.16141","volume":"161","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1376\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4592_CR12","volume":"2014","author":"L Raman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raman L, Murray J, Banka R. Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland: an unexpected cause of thyrotoxicosis. Case Rep. 2014;2014: bcr2013202792.","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"4592_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60240-8","volume":"2","author":"SP Kataria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kataria SP, Tanwar P, Singh S, Kumar S. Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland: a case report. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(10):839\u201340.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"4592_CR14","unstructured":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment\u2014drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"4592_CR15","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/lnfectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52(RR-11):1\u201377."},{"issue":"4","key":"4592_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.167.4.603","volume":"167","author":"HM Blumberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blumberg HM, Burman WJ, Chaisson RE, Daley CL. American thoracic society\/centers for disease control and prevention\/infectious diseases society of America: treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167(4):603.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4592_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30191-2","volume":"77","author":"CA Peloquin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peloquin CA. Pharmacology of the antimycobacterial drugs. Med Clin N Am. 1993;77:1253.","journal-title":"Med Clin N Am"},{"key":"4592_CR18","unstructured":"WHO. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment\u2014drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, 2022 update. WHO. 2022."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04592-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04592-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04592-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:02:57Z","timestamp":1720483377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04592-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04592-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for participation was obtained from the patient. We have also obtained ethical approval regarding the case from School of Medicine Ethical Review Board of the University of Gondar. A copy of the consent form as well as ethical approval is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"324"}}