{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T06:08:26Z","timestamp":1782626906141,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acute hepatitis A infection is common among children in developing nations. The clinical presentation in children is usually asymptomatic and anicteric, and it is a self-limiting infection. Rarely, it can be associated with extrahepatic complications such as pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An 8-year-old middle eastern child presented with abdominal pain, jaundice in the sclera, yellowish color of urine, and poor appetite. In the last two days, abdominal distension developed. After conducting diagnostic investigations, the child was diagnosed with HAV hepatitis associated with bilateral pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites. He was managed conservatively with vitamin K supplementation and supportive parenteral fluids. After 4 days, clinical improvement was observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hepatitis A infections presented with extrahepatic manifestations like pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites are very rare, especially in children. There have been some reports of these manifestations occurring in isolation, but for them to co-exist to our knowledge, this has only been reported in two cases in the literature, and this is the third case with all these three rare complications being presented simultaneously in a single child. Although HAV infection is an asymptomatic and self-limiting viral disease in childhood, it can manifest\u00a0with rare extrahepatic complications, so pediatricians should be aware of this rare association to avoid unnecessary investigations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04627-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:02:48Z","timestamp":1719360168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hepatitis A virus infection associated with bilateral pleural effusion, ascites, and acalculous cholecystitis in childhood: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2081-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Breim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bakri","family":"Roumi Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lama","family":"Kanaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1342-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"Bourghol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4640-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Besher","family":"Jazmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1288-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Dadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4627_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_298_18","volume":"7","author":"R Dalai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dalai R, Malhotra S, Gupta A, Mandal M, Kant S. A rare case of childhood Hepatitis A infection with pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2018;7(6):1581.","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"4627_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salajegheh F, Shafieipour S, Nakhaie M, Jahangiri S. Induced acalculous cholecystitis\u202f: a case report and literature review. 2023;(February):1\u201310.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.167576236.63535254\/v1"},{"issue":"4","key":"4627_CR3","first-page":"479","volume":"20","author":"E Erdem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erdem E, Urganci N, Ceylan Y, Kara N, Ozcelik G, Gulec SG. Hepatitis a with pleural effusion, ascites and acalculous cholecystitis. Iran J Pediatr. 2010;20(4):479\u201382.","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4627_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03449-w","volume":"16","author":"JS Zalloum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zalloum JS, Alzughayyar TZ, Abunejma FM, Mayadma I, Tomeh LZ, Abulaila KJ, et al. Acute benign pleural effusion, a rare presentation of hepatitis A virus: a case report and review of the\u00a0literature. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-022-03449-w.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"4627_CR5","unstructured":"Vinoth PN, Anitha P, Muthamilselvan S, Shuba S, Rajakumar PS, Scott JX, et al. Pleural effusion\u2014an unusual cause. Case details Implications Pract. 2012;113\u20136."},{"key":"4627_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S70869","author":"AK Dhakal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhakal AK, Shakya A, Shrestha D, Shah SC, Shakya H. An unusual association of pleural effusion with acute viral hepatitis A infection. Pediatr Health Med Ther. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PHMT.S70869.","journal-title":"Pediatr Health Med Ther."},{"key":"4627_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agha RA, Franchi T, Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Kerwan A; SCARE Group. The SCARE 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) Guidelines. Int J Surg. 2020;84:226\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04627-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04627-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04627-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:03:13Z","timestamp":1719360193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04627-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04627-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written\u00a0informed consent\u00a0was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written\u00a0informed consent\u00a0was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"304"}}