{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:29:12Z","timestamp":1763468952491},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006254","name":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Zinc fever is well described in medical literature, particularly in workers after handling zinc-containing materials at high temperatures e.g., in the welding of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. It is not known whether zinc fever also occurs at low temperatures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present the case of a 33-year-old Caucasian atopic painter and varnisher with work-related dyspnea, sweating, as well as multiple occurrences of fever. He was sent to Institute for Prevention and Occupational medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum (IPA) for the evaluation of isocyanate asthma, but an inhalative challenge with hexamethylene diisocyanate was negative. Since symptoms were closely related to the use of zinc coatings at room temperature without adequate protective measures, the diagnosis of zinc fever was made. After exposure cessation the worker immediately became symptom-free. The work as painter and varnisher may be associated with various exposures to hazardous substances. Besides solvents, epoxy compounds and isocyanates, which can cause obstructive respiratory diseases; additionally, zinc-containing agents should be considered as health hazards.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case demonstrates that zinc fever may occur also after application of zinc coatings by spray painting at low temperatures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04651-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:04:07Z","timestamp":1720569847000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Zinc fever in a painter and varnisher: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Belting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Eisenhawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Merget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mons\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4651_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.37544\/0949-8036-2023-03-04-15","volume":"83","author":"C Mons\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mons\u00e9 C, B\u00fcnger J, Br\u00fcning T, M\u00f6hlmann C, Gasse B, Kaiser D, Mattenklott M. Generierung und Charakterisierung von Partikelatmosph\u00e4ren im ExpoLab f\u00fcr Inhalationsstudien am Menschen. Gefahrst Reinhalt L. 2023;83:61\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37544\/0949-8036-2023-03-04-15.","journal-title":"Gefahrst Reinhalt L"},{"issue":"1","key":"4651_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1957.00260070058005)","volume":"100","author":"LC Rohrs","year":"1957","unstructured":"Rohrs LC. Metal-fume fever from inhaling zinc oxide. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1957;100(1):44\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.1957.00260070058005).","journal-title":"AMA Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4651_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1013548","volume":"53","author":"MI Greenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greenberg MI, Vearrier D. Metal fume fever and polymer fume fever. Clin Toxicol. 2015;53(4):195\u2013203.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"4651_CR4","unstructured":"Barry E. Brenner\u00a01,\u00a0Daniel Keyes\u00a02; Metal fume fever.StatPearls Publishing; 2024. 2023 Aug 21"},{"issue":"2","key":"4651_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2020-0174","volume":"37","author":"A Rafiee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rafiee A, Laskar I, Qu\u00e9merais B. Investigating the field effectiveness of respirators against metal particle exposure in various workplaces: a systematic review. Rev Environ Health. 2022;37(2):201\u201310.","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"4651_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.02.006","volume":"105","author":"CP Cri\u00e9e","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cri\u00e9e CP, Sorichter S, Smith HJ, Kardos P, Merget R, Heise D, Berdel D, K\u00f6hler D, Magnussen H, Marek W, Mitfessel H, Rasche K, Rolke M, Worth H, J\u00f6rres RA. Bodyplethysmography - its principles and clinical use. Respir Med. 2011;105:959\u201373.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"4651_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663792","volume":"152","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1995","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:1107\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4651_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-710ST","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS\/ERS)","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS\/ERS). Recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:912\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4651_CR9","first-page":"293","volume":"5","author":"C Mons\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mons\u00e9 C, Hahn J-U, Assenmacher-Maiworm H, Ke\u00dfler G, B\u00fcnger J, Br\u00fcning T, Merget R. Validation of a new paper-tape monitor for the quasi-continuous determination of airborne diisocyanate concentrations. J Environ Anal Toxicol. 2015;5:293.","journal-title":"J Environ Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"4651_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-018-0246-4","volume":"15","author":"C Mons\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mons\u00e9 C, Hagemeyer O, Raulf M, Jettkant B, van Kampen V, Kendzia B, Gering V, Kappert G, Weiss T, Ulrich N, Marek EM, B\u00fcnger J, Br\u00fcning T, Merget R. Concentration-dependent systemic response after inhalation of nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare no competing interests. All authors are employees of IPA. The authors are independent from the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV) in access to the collected data, responsibility for data analysis and interpretation, and the right to publish.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"331"}}