{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:58:52Z","timestamp":1789095532847,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Catatonia is a potentially life-threatening condition that is characterized by psychiatric and motor disturbances, such as negativism, hypomotility, bradykinesia, and unusual movements. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination and occurs in both pediatric and adult patients and is associated with an increased mortality. Catatonia is associated with psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, major depression, encephalitis, and bipolar disorder. The physiopathology of catatonia is complex and not fully understood. There is an ongoing debate in the medical community whether catatonia is an independent syndrome, or secondary to other mental illnesses. This case presentation is unique, as there are few reports describing cases of isolated catatonic syndrome in the absence of any other psychiatric or medical condition with a delayed onset caused by recreational drug abuse.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present the case of a 17-year-old Caucasian athletic girl with no previous contact with child and adolescent psychiatry, nor any previous drug abuse. After recreational intake of drugs, there was a delay of approximately 7\u00a0days, before the patient searched care with symptoms that were at a later stage recognized as catatonia. Treatment with a high dose of lorazepam in combination with memantine and lithium resulted in a regression of the symptoms. After 6 weeks the patient could be discharged from the hospital almost fully recovered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An acute onset of psychomotor symptoms without any previous history of mental illnesses must be addressed early as a potential catatonic syndrome. Delayed onset of catatonic symptoms after intake of drugs should not be overlooked, and we here suggest that mephedrone might be capable of inducing delayed catatonia. It is feasible to use memantine as an adjuvant to the treatment of catatonia in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04819-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:01:34Z","timestamp":1731369694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Delayed drug-induced catatonia in an adolescent girl\u2014clinical implications: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Max","family":"Winerdal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Skordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Karin","family":"Lideh\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Wilhelmsdotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Str\u00f6mbergsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4819_CR1","first-page":"11","volume":"10","author":"V Kolli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kolli V, Sharma A, Amani M, Bestha D. \u201cMeow meow\u201d (mephedrone) and catatonia. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2013;10:11\u20132.","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"13","key":"4819_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.878173","volume":"29","author":"J Luccarelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luccarelli J, Kalinich M, Fernandez-Robles C, Fricchione G, Beach SR. The incidence of catatonia diagnosis among pediatric patients discharged from general hospitals in the united states: A kids\u2019 inpatient database study. Front Psychiatry. 2022;29(13): 878173.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4819_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-022-00012-9","volume":"1","author":"S Moore","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moore S, Amatya DN, Chu MM, Besterman AD. Catatonia in autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities: a state-of-the-art review. Npj Ment Health Res. 2022;1(1):12.","journal-title":"Npj Ment Health Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4819_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02234-4","volume":"33","author":"D Merino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merino D, G\u00e9rard AO, Lavrut T, Askenazy F, Th\u00fcmmler S, Montastruc F, Drici MD. Drug-related catatonia in youths: real-world insights from the WHO Safety Database. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024;33(5):1383\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"4819_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.01.014","volume":"76","author":"D Cohen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cohen D, Nicolas JD, Flament MF, P\u00e9risse D, Dubos PF, Bonnot O, et al. Clinical relevance of chronic catatonic schizophrenia in children and adolescents: evidence from a prospective naturalistic study. Schizophr Res. 2005;76(2\u20133):301\u20138.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"4819_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.993671","volume":"29","author":"DF Ariza-Salamanca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ariza-Salamanca DF, Corrales-Hern\u00e1ndez MG, Pach\u00f3n-Londo\u00f1o MJ, Hern\u00e1ndez-Duarte I. Molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to catatonia: an integrative approach from clinical and preclinical evidence. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;29(15): 993671.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4819_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","volume":"93","author":"A Francis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Francis A, Catatonia I. Rating scale and standardized examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;93(2):129\u201336.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"4819_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.05.007","volume":"61","author":"J Chaffkin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaffkin J, Josephs IA, Katz ER. safe use of memantine in a pediatric patient with catatonia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;61(12):1401\u20133.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"4819_CR9","first-page":"175","volume":"23","author":"J Antunes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antunes J, Urbano N, Estrada J, Ramos J, Afonso J, Pedro Vieira J, et al. Catatonia in a teenager after use of mephedrone as a recreational drug. Scientia Medica (Porto Alegre). 2013;23(3):175\u20139.","journal-title":"Scientia Medica (Porto Alegre)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4819_CR10","first-page":"181","volume":"9","author":"P Sienaert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sienaert P, Dhossche DM, Vancampfort D, De Hert M, Gazdag G. A clinical review of the treatment of catatonia. Front Psychiatry. 2014;9(5):181.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"4819_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.07.028","volume":"200","author":"X Benarous","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benarous X, Raffin M, Ferrafiat V, Consoli A, Cohen D. Catatonia in children and adolescents: New perspectives. Schizophr Res. 2018;200:56\u201367.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4819_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2019.1655590","volume":"73","author":"AC Patton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patton AC, Th\u00f6rnblom E, Salonen Ros H, Bod\u00e9n R. A case of bipolar disorder onset with subsequent catatonia in a 14-year-old boy treated successfully with electroconvulsive therapy. Nord J Psychiatry. 2019;73(8):497\u2013500.","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4819_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0192-9","volume":"8","author":"M Lander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lander M, Bastiampillai T, Sareen J. Review of withdrawal catatonia: what does this reveal about clozapine? Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8:139.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4819_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-021-00336-4","volume":"20","author":"H Sugawara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugawara H, Takamatsu J, Hashimoto M, Ikeda M. Catatonia associated with late-life psychosis successfully treated with lithium: a case report. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2021;20(1):14.","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"4819_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3727\/096368909X471251","volume":"18","author":"W Young","year":"2009","unstructured":"Young W. Review of lithium effects on brain and blood. Cell Transplant. 2009;18(9):951\u201375.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04819-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04819-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04819-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T01:02:40Z","timestamp":1731373360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04819-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04819-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The patient, who had recently turned 18 years old at the time of discharge from Uppsala University Hospital, has signed a written consent regarding this case report. The written consent contains personal data including the patient\u2019s national ID number, which would make it very easy to identify the patient. At this stage we have therefore chosen to not include the consent along with submission of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"547"}}