{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:33:50Z","timestamp":1769826830957,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province","award":["GJJ2200217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ2200217"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic> pneumonia is an infrequent medical condition. The clinical symptoms associated with this disease are nonspecific, often resulting in misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Therefore, sharing and summarizing the experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease can deepen global understanding and awareness of it.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The patient is a 78-year-old married Han Chinese female who was admitted to the hospital after experiencing fever, dry cough, and fatigue for 4\u00a0days. A lung computed tomography scan revealed inflammatory exudation in the lower left lung, accompanied by pleural effusion. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was subjected to further analysis using metagenomic next-generation sequencing, which identified 41 genetic sequences associated with <jats:italic>Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic>. Consequently, she was diagnosed with <jats:italic>Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic> pneumonia. After initiating treatment with doxycycline and biapenem, the patient\u2019s symptoms showed significant improvement. Upon discharge, the patient continued treatment with a combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine, which was discontinued after 4\u00a0days. At 12-month follow-up, the patient reported overall good health, with no symptoms of fever, cough, or any other discomfort.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic> pneumonia is a rare condition with nonspecific symptoms. The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology in pulmonary infections helps to rapidly identify rare pathogens, providing a solid foundation for precise and effective antibacterial treatment for patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04936-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:01:42Z","timestamp":1735344102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pulmonary infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jianglong","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiehui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunping","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dejin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianxin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4936_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70042-2","volume":"8","author":"T Schneider","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schneider T, Moos V, Loddenkemper C, et al. Whipple\u2019s disease: new aspects of pathogenesis and treatment. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8(3):179\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4936_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra062477","volume":"356","author":"F Fenollar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fenollar F, Pu\u00e9chal X, Raoult D. Whipple\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(1):55\u201366.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4936_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy668","volume":"68","author":"D Raoult","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raoult D. From whipple disease to Tropheryma whipplei infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(7):1098\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4936_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.01.048","volume":"377","author":"R El-Abassi","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Abassi R, Soliman MY, Williams F, et al. Whipple\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci. 2017;377:197\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"4936_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.121356","volume":"19","author":"F Fenollar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenollar F, C\u00e9lard M, Lagier JC, et al. Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(11):1721\u201330.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4936_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0178","volume":"12","author":"JC Lagier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lagier JC, Fenollar F, Raoult D. Acute infections caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Future Microbiol. 2017;12:247\u201354.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4936_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.01.024","volume":"119","author":"V Touitou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Touitou V, Fenollar F, Cassoux N, et al. Ocular Whipple\u2019s disease: therapeutic strategy and long-term follow-up. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(7):1465\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4936_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90809-4","volume":"65","author":"CD Winberg","year":"1978","unstructured":"Winberg CD, Rose ME, Rappaport H. Whipple\u2019s disease of the lung. Am J Med. 1978;65(5):873\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4936_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.3.343","volume":"51","author":"CA Kelly","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kelly CA, Egan M, Rawlinson J. Whipple\u2019s disease presenting with lung involvement. Thorax. 1996;51(3):343\u20134.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"4936_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.11.026","volume":"65","author":"F Fenollar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fenollar F, Ponge T, La Scola B, et al. First isolation of Tropheryma whipplei from bronchoalveolar fluid and clinical implications. J Infect. 2012;65(3):275\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"4936_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0692LE","volume":"188","author":"A Stein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stein A, Doutchi M, Fenollar F, et al. Tropheryma whipplei pneumonia in a patient with HIV-2 infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(8):1036\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4936_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729595","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.729595","volume":"9","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang S, Xia D, Wu J, et al. Severe pneumonia caused by infection with Tropheryma whipplei complicated with Acinetobacter baumannii infection: a case report involving a young woman. Front Public Health. 2021;9:729595.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"4936_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663093","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.663093","volume":"9","author":"J Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan J, Zhang B, Zhang Z, et al. Case report: Tropheryma whipplei hide in an AIDS patient with pneumocystis pneumonia. Front Public Health. 2021;9:663093.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4936_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02899-y","volume":"15","author":"B Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu B, Tang J, Fang R, et al. Pulmonary coinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021;15(1):359.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4936_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01384-4","volume":"21","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li W, Zhang Q, Xu Y, et al. Severe pneumonia in adults caused by Tropheryma whipplei and Candida sp. infection: a 2019 case series. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):29.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4936_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0297","volume":"16","author":"WM Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang WM, Xu L. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Open Med. 2021;16(1):843\u20136.","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4936_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-16","volume":"30","author":"RA Dolmans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dolmans RA, Boel CH, Lacle MM, et al. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(2):529\u201355.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"4936_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000489","volume":"31","author":"JC Lagier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lagier JC, Raoult D. Whipple\u2019s disease and Tropheryma whipplei infections: when to suspect them and how to diagnose and treat them. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2018;31(6):463\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4936_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02991-z","volume":"25","author":"J Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao J, Sun Y, Tang J, et al. The clinical application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in immunocompromised patients with severe respiratory infections in the ICU. Respir Res. 2024;25(1):360.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"4936_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.012","volume":"38","author":"Z Diao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diao Z, Han D, Zhang R, et al. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing tests take the stage in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. J Adv Res. 2022;38:201\u201312.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"4936_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00128-1","volume":"22","author":"A Boumaza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boumaza A, Ben Azzouz E, Arrindell J, et al. Whipple\u2019s disease and Tropheryma whipplei infections: from bench to bedside. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(10):e280\u201391.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4936_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001611","volume":"32","author":"L Ferrieres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrieres L, Laroche M, Bonnet D, et al. Whipple\u2019s disease: diagnosis and predictive factors of relapse. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;32(3):325\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04936-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04936-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04936-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T01:02:23Z","timestamp":1735347743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04936-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-024-04936-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Taking into account that the patient\u2019s long-term residence is far away from our hospital, we have maintained telephone contact with the patient and her daughter, and the patient has agreed to allow us to publish her case.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"613"}}