{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:48:52Z","timestamp":1764604132018,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"SRM Institute of Science & Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The diagnosis and management of female genital conditions (Rodriguez et al. in Clin Anat 34(1):103\u2013107, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23654<\/jats:ext-link>) are often challenging. The atypical presentations, combined with patient hesitancy to be subjected to an examination by a male urologist, are factors that limit a timely diagnosis. Para-urethral cysts (Pastor and Chmel in Int Urogynecol J 29(5):621\u2013629, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-017-3527-9<\/jats:ext-link>) are often incidentally detected by gynecologists during pelvic examination for other reasons. Patients rarely present with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms and dyspareunia affecting sexual life. Diagnosis in most instances can be made by physical examination but often a detailed evaluation with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrogram, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging is needed. The definitive management of symptomatic para-urethral cysts is through surgical excision.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This report aims to reflect clinically upon a rare pathology of the female genital system.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n We present the case of a 36-year-old, sexually active, Indian (Asian) woman with a 6-month history of progressively worsening lower urinary tract symptoms, consisting of dysuria, post-micturition dribble, increased urination frequency, and significant dyspareunia. Physical examination in the lithotomy position revealed a cystic lesion located in the midline slightly to the left of the anterior vaginal wall. Magnetic resonance imaging also revealed a T2\/T1 hyperintense lesion located below the level of the pubic symphysis. The patient was posted for exploration under anesthesia and the cyst was excised completely. The histopathology findings were consistent with para-urethral gland cyst with ulceration and squamous metaplasia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Any lower urinary tract symptoms in a woman needs thorough clinical examination. Association of para-urethral cyst with lower urinary tract symptoms and dyspareunia is rare, and if present, always warrants surgical excision.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04984-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:17:07Z","timestamp":1736759827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Management of female para-urethral cyst with dyspareunia: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0904-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Deepak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Meyyappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Senthil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23654","volume":"34","author":"FD Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodriguez FD, Camacho A, Bordes SJ, Gardner B, Levin RJ, Tubbs RS. Female ejaculation: an update on anatomy, history, and controversies. Clin Anat. 2020;34(1):103\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23654.","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"5","key":"4984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3527-9","volume":"29","author":"Z Pastor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pastor Z, Chmel R. Differential diagnostics of female \u201csexual\u201d fluids: a narrative review. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(5):621\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-017-3527-9.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"4984_CR3","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Exploring the dimensions of human sexuality","author":"JS Greenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenberg JS, Bruess CE, Oswalt SB. Exploring the dimensions of human sexuality. 5th ed. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2014. p. 102\u20134.","edition":"5"},{"key":"4984_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315058320","volume-title":"Human sexuality: an encyclopedia","author":"VL Bullough","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bullough VL, Bullough B. Human sexuality: an encyclopedia. New York: Routledge; 2014. p. 231."},{"key":"4984_CR5","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arulkumaran S, Ledger W, Doumouchtsis S, Denny L, editors. Oxford textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"4984_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2790-x","volume":"27","author":"M Itani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Itani M, Kielar A, Menias CO, Dighe MK, Surabhi V, Prasad SR, et\u00a0al. MRI of the female urethra and periurethral pathologies. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(2):195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-015-2790-x.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4984_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.148270","volume":"144","author":"R Toivanen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toivanen R, Shen MM. Prostate organogenesis: tissue induction, hormonal regulation, and cell type specification. Development. 2017;144(8):1382\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.148270.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"4984_CR8","unstructured":"Castleman M. 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