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It is a brain region particularly vulnerable to a variety of noxious stimuli. Severe hippocampal injury with complete inability to convert short-term into long-term memories is very rare in bacterial meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the age of 62\u00a0years, a white German female teacher acquired\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      meningitis after the consumption of goat cheese manufactured from raw milk. Malabsorptive hydrocephalus required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The further course became complicated by two shunt infections. Severe bilateral hippocampal atrophy developed. In spite of restoration of CSF drainage via a replacement shunt, the patient lost the capacity to form new memories. Conversely, her personality and the ability to work with previously stored information remained intact for many years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Protection of the hippocampal formation and preservation of the capacity to form new memories is a major goal in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Further improvement of outcome in bacterial meningitis will depend on approaches that effectively protect the hippocampal formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-026-05993-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:35:41Z","timestamp":1775540141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral functional hippocampectomy following recurrent bacterial meningitis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marija","family":"Djukic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilmar","family":"Prange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Nau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1954.11.1.0064","volume":"11","author":"WB Scoville","year":"1954","unstructured":"Scoville WB. 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Formal ethical approval was waived, because this study involved a single retrospective case report with no experimental intervention. Patient confidentiality was strictly maintained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s next of kin for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Permission to reproduce material from other sources"}},{"value":"The authors have no commercial or non-commercial interest in the publication of this case.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"178"}}