{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T01:25:23Z","timestamp":1787275523846,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition, but extra-pelvic manifestations are rare and often pose significant diagnostic challenges. Thoracic and abdominal endometriosis may present with nonspecific respiratory and abdominal symptoms that closely mimic pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly in TB-endemic regions, leading to delayed or incorrect diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the case of a 40-year-old Tanzanian\u00a0woman with a previous history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis who presented with a 6-month history of progressive shortness of breath, right-sided chest pain, and abdominal distension. Imaging revealed a massive right hydropneumothorax with near-total lung collapse and ascites, initially raising concern for post-tuberculous disease. Pleural fluid cytology demonstrated a hemorrhagic effusion. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed hemorrhagic ascites, mesenteric nodular lesions, and extensive uterine adhesions. Histopathological examination of the mesenteric nodules confirmed endometriosis. The patient was treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy (goserelin) and underwent pleurodesis, with subsequent clinical improvement and resolution of symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case highlights thoracoabdominal endometriosis as an important differential diagnosis in women of reproductive age presenting with unexplained respiratory symptoms in TB-endemic settings. Awareness of this rare entity is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary anti-tuberculous therapy. Early consideration of extra-pelvic endometriosis and timely histological confirmation can facilitate appropriate management and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-026-06150-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T03:54:30Z","timestamp":1781409270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thoracoabdominal endometriosis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis in a TB-endemic setting: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Murtaza","family":"Lamuwalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukhsaar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Ngimbwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ngimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Arafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blessing","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandela","family":"Makakala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"6150_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.24.292660","volume":"102","author":"N Rahmioglu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahmioglu N, Zondervan KT. Endometriosis: disease mechanisms and health disparities. Bull World Health Org. 2024;102(12):919.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"issue":"25","key":"6150_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1000274","volume":"362","author":"LC Gludice","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gludice LC. Clinical practice endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(25):2389\u201398.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6150_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5301\/je.5000188","volume":"6","author":"D Yazdanian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yazdanian D, Manganaro L, Resta S, Ticino A, Fuggetta E, Guarino A, Monti M, Panici PB, Porpora MG. Frequently misdiagnosed extrapelvic endometriosis lesions: case reports and review of the literature. J Endometriosis Pelvic Pain Disord. 2014;6(2):67\u201378.","journal-title":"J Endometriosis Pelvic Pain Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"6150_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2019.00029","volume":"23","author":"C Nezhat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nezhat C, Lindheim SR, Backhus L, Vu M, Vang N, Nezhat A, Nezhat C. Thoracic endometriosis syndrome: a review of diagnosis and management. JSLS. 2019;23(3): e2019-00029.","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"issue":"2","key":"6150_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.07.035","volume":"196","author":"JD Horton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horton JD, DeZee KJ, Ahnfeldt EP, Wagner M. Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon\u2019s perspective and review of 445 cases. Am J Surg. 2008;196(2):207\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6150_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1619","volume":"186","author":"JH Hensen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hensen JH, Van Breda Vriesman AC, Puylaert JB. Abdominal wall endometriosis: clinical presentation and imaging features with emphasis on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(3):616\u201320.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"18","key":"6150_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i18.4326","volume":"11","author":"J Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao J, Zheng H, Nie H, Li CF, Zhang W, Wang JJ. Endometriosis of the lung: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(18):4326.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"6150_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-025-01094-9","volume":"31","author":"R Inchingolo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Inchingolo R, Carriera L, Ielo S, Barone R, Smargiassi A, Lipsi R, Baglioni S, Scala R, Magri R, Marchetti G. Tuberculous pleural effusion: integrating thoracic ultrasound and medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and management: a pictorial narrative review and an algorithm proposal. J Ultrasound. 2025;31:1\u20131.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"6150_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36416\/1806-3756\/e20250229","volume":"51","author":"L Carriera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carriera L, Lipsi R, Coppola A. Red flags for thoracic endometriosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2025;51(4): e20250229.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6150_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.2975","volume":"334","author":"S As-Sanie","year":"2025","unstructured":"As-Sanie S, Mackenzie SC, Morrison L, Schrepf A, Zondervan KT, Horne AW, Missmer SA. Endometriosis: a review. JAMA. 2025;334(1):64\u201378.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"6150_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700089","volume":"377","author":"HS Taylor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor HS, Giudice LC, Lessey BA, Abrao MS, Kotarski J, Archer DF, Diamond MP, Surrey E, Johnson NP, Watts NB, Gallagher JC. Treatment of endometriosis-associated pain with elagolix, an oral GnRH antagonist. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):28\u201340.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6150_CR12","volume-title":"Rare lung diseases","author":"RK Velagapudi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Velagapudi RK, Egan JP. Thoracic Endometriosis. In: Cheran SV, editor. Rare lung diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2023."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-026-06150-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-026-06150-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-026-06150-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T01:16:13Z","timestamp":1787274973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13256-026-06150-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-026-06150-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Our institution does not require ethical approval for reporting individual cases or case series.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written\u00a0consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"489"}}