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This study presents nine cases with a primary focus on therapeutic strategies and outcomes, including the use of denosumab in a refractory case. Genetic analysis was performed in a subset of patients, and a practical diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm is proposed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine Persian patients (7 males, 2 females; onset 2\u201314\u00a0years), are reported with clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and genetic findings (in three cases) with identified mutations in two cases. Treatment strategies included observation, intra-lesional corticosteroid, surgery, denosumab, and calcitonin. Outcomes varied by modality and timing, with denosumab and calcitonin proving effective in controlling progression after surgical relapse in one case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series highlights the variable natural behavior of cherubism and provided an algorithm for diagnosis and management based on expert consensus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-026-06184-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:34:59Z","timestamp":1780133699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cherubism, emphasizing diagnosis, therapeutic management strategies, and outcomes: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Pouyan","family":"Aminishakib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9971-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed MohammadMoein","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farnoosh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Yaghmaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Modarresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Pashaiefar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba Sadat","family":"Tabatabaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"6184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3109\/01676839709019125","volume":"16","author":"S Irfan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Irfan S, Cassels-Brown A, Hayward JM, Corrigan AM. 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