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We sought to establish the in-vivo immune response in collagenase-induced OA and investigate the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) overexpressing viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10) to modulate immune populations and delay\/prevent disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight-week-old male C57BL\/6 mice were injected with 1 U type VII collagenase over two consecutive days. At day 7, 20,000 hMSCs overexpressing vIL-10 were injected into the affected knee. Control groups comprised of vehicle, 20,000 untransduced or adNull-transduced MSCs or virus alone. Six weeks later knees were harvested for histological analysis and popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes for flow cytometric analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At this time there was no significant difference in knee OA scores between any of the groups. A trend toward more damage in animals treated with hMSCs was observed. Interestingly there was a significant reduction in the amount of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells in the vIL-10-expressing hMSC group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>vIL-10-overexpressing hMSCs can induce long-term reduction in activated T cells in draining lymph nodes of mice with collagenase-induced OA. This could lead to reduced OA severity or disease progression over the long term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0331-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T02:59:36Z","timestamp":1463540376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["vIL-10-overexpressing human MSCs modulate na\u00efve and activated T lymphocytes following induction of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Farrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niamh","family":"Fahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aideen E","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathal O","family":"Flatharta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"O\u2019Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Mary","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.087775","volume":"67","author":"F Pessler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pessler F, et al. 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