{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:38:46Z","timestamp":1790786326622,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005382","name":"National Yang-Ming University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Yin Yen-Liang Foundation Development and Construction Plan (107F-M01-0504)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yin Yen-Liang Foundation Development and Construction Plan (107F-M01-0504)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 105-2628-B-075-008-MY3, MOST 108-2633-B-009-001, MOST 109-2314-B-010-053-MY3, and MOST 109-2321-B-009-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-2628-B-075-008-MY3, MOST 108-2633-B-009-001, MOST 109-2314-B-010-053-MY3, and MOST 109-2321-B-009-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V106D25-003-MY3, VGHUST107-G5-3-3, VGHUST109-V5-1-2, and V110C-194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V106D25-003-MY3, VGHUST107-G5-3-3, VGHUST109-V5-1-2, and V110C-194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Life-long peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a renal replacement therapy is limited by peritoneal fibrosis. Previous studies showed immunomodulatory and antifibrotic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on peritoneal fibrosis. However, the role of the peritoneal macrophage in this process remains uninvestigated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We examined the therapeutic effects of ADSC and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) in the rat model of dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis using methylglyoxal. In addition, treatment of macrophages with the conditioned medium of ADSC and BM-MSC was performed individually to identify the beneficial component of the stem cell secretome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the in vivo experiments, we found dialysis-induced rat peritoneal fibrosis was attenuated by both ADSC and BM-MSC. Interestingly, ADSC possessed a more prominent therapeutic effect than BM-MSC in ameliorating peritoneal membrane thickening while also upregulating epithelial cell markers in rat peritoneal tissues. The therapeutic effects of ADSC were positively associated with M2 macrophage polarization. In the in vitro experiments, we confirmed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by MSCs upon transforming growth factor-\u03b21 stimulation promotes M2 macrophage polarization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis, MSCs are situated in an inflammatory environment of TGF-\u03b21 and secrete IL-6 to polarize macrophages into the M2 phenotype. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of tissue macrophage in this antifibrotic process. ADSC has the advantage of abundance and accessibility, making the application values extremely promising.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal mesothelial cells secrete transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) when exposed to methylglyoxal (MGO)-containing peritoneal dialysate. When situated in TGF-\u03b21, the inflammatory environment induces mesenchymal stem cells to secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 polarizes macrophages into the M2 phenotype. The dominant peritoneal tissue M2 macrophages, marked by upregulated Arg-1 expression, account for the attenuation of MGO-induced dedifferentiation of peritoneal mesothelial cells to maintain epithelial integrity.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02270-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T10:18:12Z","timestamp":1616149092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis by modulating macrophage polarization via interleukin-6"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-3159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu-Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar Kuang-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2270_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000045393","volume":"82","author":"L Gotloib","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gotloib L, Shostak A, Wajsbrot V, Kushnier R. High glucose induces a hypertrophic, senescent mesothelial cell phenotype after long in vivo exposure. Nephron. 1999;82(2):164\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000045393.","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"4","key":"2270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.175","volume":"51","author":"AH Yang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yang AH, Chen JY, Lin YP, Huang TP, Wu CW. Peritoneal dialysis solution induces apoptosis of mesothelial cells. Kidney Int. 1997;51(4):1280\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1997.175.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2270_CR3","first-page":"S388","volume":"19","author":"HM Jin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jin HM, Di YD, Xu QJ. Effects of commercial glucose-based peritoneal dialysates on peripheral blood phagocytes apoptosis. PeritDialInt. 1999;19(Suppl 2):S388\u201393.","journal-title":"PeritDialInt"},{"key":"2270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aroeira LS, Aguilera A, Sanchez-Tomero JA, Bajo MA, del PG, Jimenez-Heffernan JA, Selgas R, Lopez-Cabrera M: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and peritoneal membrane failure in peritoneal dialysis patients: pathologic significance and potential therapeutic interventions. JAmSocNephrol 2007, 18:2004\u20132013.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006111292"},{"key":"2270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484167","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/484167","volume":"2012","author":"S Yung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yung S, Chan TM. Pathophysiological changes to the peritoneal membrane during PD-related peritonitis: the role of mesothelial cells. Mediat Inflamm. 2012;2012:484167.","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"issue":"7","key":"2270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009070694","volume":"21","author":"O Devuyst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Devuyst O, Margetts PJ, Topley N. The pathophysiology of the peritoneal membrane. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(7):1077\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2009070694.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2270_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.144","volume":"8","author":"A Pletinck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pletinck A, Vanholder R, Veys N, Van Biesen W. Protecting the peritoneal membrane: factors beyond peritoneal dialysis solutions. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(9):542\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2012.144.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2270_CR8","first-page":"50","volume":"37","author":"CY Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang CY, Chau YP, Lee HT, Kuo HY, Lee OK, Yang AH. Cannabinoid receptors as therapeutic targets for dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis. AmJNephrol. 2013;37:50\u20138.","journal-title":"AmJNephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009683","volume":"5","author":"LA Murray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murray LA, Rosada R, Moreira AP, Joshi A, Kramer MS, Hesson DP, Argentieri RL, Mathai S, Gulati M, Herzog EL, Hogaboam CM. Serum amyloid P therapeutically attenuates murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via its effects on macrophages. PLoS One. 2010;5(3):e9683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0009683.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"2270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001065","volume":"138","author":"D Chu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chu D, Du M, Hu X, Wu Q, Shen J. Paeoniflorin attenuates schistosomiasis japonica-associated liver fibrosis through inhibiting alternative activation of macrophages. Parasitology. 2011;138(10):1259\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182011001065.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.04.006","volume":"9","author":"BS Murphy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy BS, Bush HM, Sundareshan V, Davis C, Hagadone J, Cory TJ, Hoy H, Hayes D Jr, Anstead MI, Feola DJ. Characterization of macrophage activation states in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2010;9(5):314\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.04.006.","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"2270_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2014.4","volume":"4","author":"Q Cao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao Q, Wang Y, Harris DC. Macrophage heterogeneity, phenotypes, and roles in renal fibrosis. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2014;4:16\u20139.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00046.2014","volume":"30","author":"Q Cao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cao Q, Harris DC, Wang Y. Macrophages in kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015;30(3):183\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00046.2014.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.03.003","volume":"30","author":"JS Duffield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duffield JS. Macrophages and immunologic inflammation of the kidney. Semin Nephrol. 2010;30(3):234\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.03.003.","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"03","key":"2270_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255354","volume":"30","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wynn TA, Barron L. Macrophages: master regulators of inflammation and fibrosis. Semin Liver Dis. 2010;30(03):245\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1255354.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5411","key":"2270_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","volume":"284","author":"MF Pittenger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 1999;284(5411):143\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.284.5411.143.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2270_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.50","volume":"34","author":"X Wei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wei X, Yang X, Han ZP, Qu FF, Shao L, Shi YF. Mesenchymal stem cells: a new trend for cell therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013;34(6):747\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aps.2013.50.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2270_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2013.158","volume":"21","author":"S Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma S, Xie N, Li W, Yuan B, Shi Y, Wang Y. Immunobiology of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Differ. 2014;21(2):216\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cdd.2013.158.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X694373","volume":"26","author":"YA Tsai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsai YA, Liu RS, Lirng JF, Yang BH, Chang CH, Wang YC, Wu YS, Ho JH, Lee OK, Soong BW. Treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia with mesenchymal stem cells: a phase I\/IIa clinical study. Cell Transplant. 2017;26(3):503\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368916X694373.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"14","key":"2270_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2011.0722","volume":"21","author":"M Strioga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strioga M, Viswanathan S, Darinskas A, Slaby O, Michalek J. Same or not the same? Comparison of adipose tissue-derived versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2012;21(14):2724\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2011.0722.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2270_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.07.010","volume":"126","author":"E Ivanova-Todorova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ivanova-Todorova E, Bochev I, Mourdjeva M, Dimitrov R, Bukarev D, Kyurkchiev S, Tivchev P, Altunkova I, Kyurkchiev DS. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are more potent suppressors of dendritic cells differentiation compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Immunol Lett. 2009;126(1-2):37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2009.07.010.","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"2270_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2007.12.022","volume":"314","author":"D Noel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noel D, Caton D, Roche S, Bony C, Lehmann S, Casteilla L, Jorgensen C, Cousin B. Cell specific differences between human adipose-derived and mesenchymal-stromal cells despite similar differentiation potentials. Exp Cell Res. 2008;314(7):1575\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexcr.2007.12.022.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2270_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0133-5","volume":"27","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K, Hamada C, Kanda R, Nakano T, Io H, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation facilitate experimental peritoneal fibrosis repair by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Nephrol. 2014;27(5):507\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-014-0133-5.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.81","volume":"84","author":"T Ueno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ueno T, Nakashima A, Doi S, Kawamoto T, Honda K, Yokoyama Y, Doi T, Higashi Y, Yorioka N, Kato Y, Kohno N, Masaki T. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental peritoneal fibrosis by suppressing inflammation and inhibiting TGF-beta1 signaling. Kidney Int. 2013;84(2):297\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.81.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2270_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2012.725290","volume":"34","author":"S Tulpar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tulpar S, Poyrazoglu MH, Ozbilge H, Bastug F, Gunduz Z, Torun YA, Kaya EG, Akgun H, Dursun I, Dusunsel R. Modulation of inflammation by mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in peritoneal dialysis in rats. Ren Fail. 2012;34(10):1317\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0886022X.2012.725290.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-012-0648-2","volume":"15","author":"Y Sekiguchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sekiguchi Y, Hamada C, Ro Y, Nakamoto H, Inaba M, Shimaoka T, Io H, Koyanagi I, Aruga S, Inuma J, Kaneko K, Hotta Y, Margetts PJ, Mochizuki H, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y. Differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells into regenerated mesothelial cells in peritoneal remodeling using a peritoneal fibrosis mouse model. J Artif Organs. 2012;15(3):272\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10047-012-0648-2.","journal-title":"J Artif Organs"},{"key":"2270_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768718","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3768718","volume":"2020","author":"EC Costalonga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Costalonga EC, Fanelli C, Garnica MR, Noronha IL. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate fibrosis and inflammation in the peritoneal fibrosis model developed in uremic rats. Stem Cells Int. 2020;2020:3768718.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2270_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0337","volume":"6","author":"JA Dykstra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dykstra JA, Facile T, Patrick RJ, Francis KR, Milanovich S, Weimer JM, Kota DJ. Concise review: fat and furious: harnessing the full potential of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(4):1096\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.16-0337.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"2270_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.11.003","volume":"182","author":"CW Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee CW, Hsiao WT, Lee OK. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies reduce obesity and metabolic syndromes induced by a high-fat diet. Transl Res. 2017;182:61\u201374 e68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.11.003.","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2270_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiang YH, Lin CC, Chen YC, Lee OK. Treatment of arsenite intoxication-induced peripheral vasculopathy with mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19041026.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041026"},{"issue":"1","key":"2270_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0497-2","volume":"8","author":"YT Tsao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsao YT, Shih YY, Liu YA, Liu YS, Lee OK. Knockdown of SLC41A1 magnesium transporter promotes mineralization and attenuates magnesium inhibition during osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-017-0497-2.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2270_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn495","volume":"24","author":"I Hirahara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirahara I, Ishibashi Y, Kaname S, Kusano E, Fujita T. Methylglyoxal induces peritoneal thickening by mesenchymal-like mesothelial cells in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:437\u201347.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080602600317","volume":"26","author":"I Hirahara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirahara I, Kusano E, Yanagiba S, Miyata Y, Ando Y, Muto S, Asano Y. Peritoneal injury by methylglyoxal in peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2006;26(3):380\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/089686080602600317.","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2270_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-016-0161-6","volume":"15","author":"J Shu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shu J, Dolman GE, Duan J, Qiu G, Ilyas M. Statistical colour models: an automated digital image analysis method for quantification of histological biomarkers. Biomed Eng Online. 2016;15(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12938-016-0161-6.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"2270_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2865","volume":"15","author":"J Mauer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mauer J, Chaurasia B, Goldau J, Vogt MC, Ruud J, Nguyen KD, Theurich S, Hausen AC, Schmitz J, Bronneke HS, et al. Signaling by IL-6 promotes alternative activation of macrophages to limit endotoxemia and obesity-associated resistance to insulin. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(5):423\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2865.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2270_CR36","first-page":"1001","volume":"2015","author":"Y Ma","year":"1852","unstructured":"Ma Y, Gao M, Sun H, Liu D. Interleukin-6 gene transfer reverses body weight gain and fatty liver in obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1852;2015:1001\u201311.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"10","key":"2270_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.503","volume":"28","author":"QZ Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang QZ, Su WR, Shi SH, Wilder-Smith P, Xiang AP, Wong A, Nguyen AL, Kwon CW, Le AD. Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells elicit polarization of m2 macrophages and enhance cutaneous wound healing. Stem Cells. 2010;28(10):1856\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.503.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"2270_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158745","volume":"11","author":"J Czapla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Czapla J, Matuszczak S, Wisniewska E, Jarosz-Biej M, Smolarczyk R, Cichon T, Glowala-Kosinska M, Sliwka J, Garbacz M, Szczypior M, et al. Human cardiac nesenchymal stromal cells with CD105+CD34- phenotype enhance the function of post-infarction heart in mice. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158745.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2270_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1188-y","volume":"10","author":"E Pilny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pilny E, Smolarczyk R, Jarosz-Biej M, Hadyk A, Skorupa A, Ciszek M, Krakowczyk L, Kulach N, Gillner D, Sokol M, et al. Human ADSC xenograft through IL-6 secretion activates M2 macrophages responsible for the repair of damaged muscle tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-019-1188-y.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.03.040","volume":"90","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Bajo MA, Del Peso G, Yu X, Selgas R. Preventing peritoneal membrane fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2016;90(3):515\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.03.040.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2270_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3543678","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3543678","volume":"2016","author":"R Strippoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Strippoli R, Moreno-Vicente R, Battistelli C, Cicchini C, Noce V, Amicone L, Marchetti A, Del Pozo MA, Tripodi M. Molecular mechanisms underlying peritoneal EMT and fibrosis. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:3543678.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"2270_CR42","first-page":"2","volume":"3","author":"RS Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel RS, Carter G, El Bassit G, Patel AA, Cooper DR, Murr M, Patel NA. Adipose-derived stem cells from lean and obese humans show depot specific differences in their stem cell markers, exosome contents and senescence: role of protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) in adipose stem cell niche. Stem Cell Investig. 2016;3:2.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Investig"},{"key":"2270_CR43","first-page":"161345","volume":"2013","author":"G Carter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carter G, Apostolatos A, Patel R, Mathur A, Cooper D, Murr M, Patel NA. Dysregulated alternative splicing pattern of PKCdelta during differentiation of human preadipocytes represents distinct differences between lean and obese adipocytes. ISRN Obes. 2013;2013:161345.","journal-title":"ISRN Obes"},{"key":"2270_CR44","first-page":"221","volume":"19","author":"DH Kang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kang DH, Hong YS, Lim HJ, Choi JH, Han DS, Yoon KI. High glucose solution and spent dialysate stimulate the synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta1 of human peritoneal mesothelial cells: effect of cytokine costimulation. PeritDialInt. 1999;19:221\u201330.","journal-title":"PeritDialInt"},{"issue":"10","key":"2270_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1222","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00675.2013","volume":"306","author":"AF Wise","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wise AF, Williams TM, Kiewiet MB, Payne NL, Siatskas C, Samuel CS, Ricardo SD. Human mesenchymal stem cells alter macrophage phenotype and promote regeneration via homing to the kidney following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014;306(10):F1222\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00675.2013.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2270_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.08.013","volume":"11","author":"G Ren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ren G, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Xu C, Yuan ZR, Roberts AI, Zhang L, Zheng B, Wen T, Han Y, Rabson AB, Tischfield JA, Shao C, Shi Y. CCR2-dependent recruitment of macrophages by tumor-educated mesenchymal stromal cells promotes tumor development and is mimicked by TNFalpha. Cell Stem Cell. 2012;11(6):812\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2012.08.013.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"2270_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0012","volume":"4","author":"TM Rodriguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez TM, Saldias A, Irigo M, Zamora JV, Perone MJ, Dewey RA. Effect of TGF-beta1 stimulation on the secretome of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2015;4(8):894\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5966\/sctm.2015-0012.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2270_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1039-2","volume":"9","author":"D Philipp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Philipp D, Suhr L, Wahlers T, Choi YH, Paunel-Gorgulu A. Preconditioning of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly strengthens their potential to promote IL-6-dependent M2b polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-018-1039-2.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2270_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061405","volume":"8","author":"R Bhargava","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhargava R, Janssen W, Altmann C, Andres-Hernando A, Okamura K, Vandivier RW, Ahuja N, Faubel S. Intratracheal IL-6 protects against lung inflammation in direct, but not indirect, causes of acute lung injury in mice. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e61405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061405.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2238","volume":"34","author":"Z Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie Z, Hao H, Tong C, Cheng Y, Liu J, Pang Y, Si Y, Guo Y, Zang L, Mu Y, Han W. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells elicit macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype to alleviate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Stem Cells. 2016;34(3):627\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.2238.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2270_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00089","volume":"8","author":"AA Cox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cox AA, Sagot Y, Hedou G, Grek C, Wilkes T, Vinik AI, Ghatnekar G. Low-dose pulsatile interleukin-6 as a treatment option for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017;8:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00089.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2270_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.02.004","volume":"226","author":"T Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen T, Nie H, Gao X, Yang J, Pu J, Chen Z, Cui X, Wang Y, Wang H, Jia G. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition involved in pulmonary fibrosis induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes via TGF-beta\/Smad signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett. 2014;226(2):150\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.02.004.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2270_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-015-0047-4","volume":"4","author":"PJ Wermuth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wermuth PJ, Jimenez SA. The significance of macrophage polarization subtypes for animal models of tissue fibrosis and human fibrotic diseases. Clin Transl Med. 2015;4:2.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v6.i3.111","volume":"6","author":"CY Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang CY, Chau YP, Chen A, Lee OK, Tarng DC, Yang AH. Targeting cannabinoid signaling for peritoneal dialysis-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis. World J Nephrol. 2017;6(3):111\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5527\/wjn.v6.i3.111.","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2270_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0462OC","volume":"49","author":"RF Guilherme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guilherme RF, Xisto DG, Kunkel SL, Freire-de-Lima CG, Rocco PR, Neves JS, Fierro IM, Canetti C, Benjamim CF. Pulmonary antifibrotic mechanisms aspirin-triggered lipoxin A (4) synthetic analog. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49(6):1029\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0462OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2270_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0104019","volume":"76","author":"P Misson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Misson P, van den Brule S, Barbarin V, Lison D, Huaux F. Markers of macrophage differentiation in experimental silicosis. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;76(5):926\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0104019.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2014.04.003","volume":"96","author":"KK Wijesundera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wijesundera KK, Izawa T, Tennakoon AH, Murakami H, Golbar HM, Katou-Ichikawa C, Tanaka M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. M1- and M2-macrophage polarization in rat liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA), focusing on Iba1 and galectin-3. Exp Mol Pathol. 2014;96(3):382\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexmp.2014.04.003.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2270_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-29.10.497","volume":"29","author":"KK Wijesundera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wijesundera KK, Izawa T, Murakami H, Tennakoon AH, Golbar HM, Kato-Ichikawa C, Tanaka M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. M1- and M2-macrophage polarization in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat liver lesions; a possible analysis for hepato-pathology. Histol Histopathol. 2014;29(4):497\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14670\/HH-29.10.497.","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2270_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1533-1","volume":"11","author":"F Bandeira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandeira F, Goh TW, Setiawan M, Yam GH, Mehta JS. Cellular therapy of corneal epithelial defect by adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived epithelial progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-019-1533-1.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2270_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1159\/000453204","volume":"40","author":"J Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi J, Li Q, Sheng M, Zheng M, Yu M, Zhang L. The role of TLR4 in M1 macrophage-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;40(6):1538\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000453204.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2270_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0363","volume":"6","author":"C Lo Sicco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lo Sicco C, Reverberi D, Balbi C, Ulivi V, Principi E, Pascucci L, Becherini P, Bosco MC, Varesio L, Franzin C, Pozzobon M, Cancedda R, Tasso R. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as mediators of anti-inflammatory effects: endorsement of macrophage polarization. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(3):1018\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.16-0363.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02270-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02270-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02270-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T10:36:42Z","timestamp":1616150202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02270-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02270-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed following the guidelines of the Institutional Committee for Animal Experimentation of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital (No. IACUC-2015-057).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"193"}}