{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:12:50Z","timestamp":1791407570538,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund","award":["1201805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease globally and in its inflammatory form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, patient education and lifestyle changes are the major tools to prevent the continued progression of NASH. Emerging therapies in NASH target known pathological processes involved in the progression of the disease including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) were previously shown to be beneficial in experimental models of chronic liver injury, reducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that liver progenitor cells (LPCs) response plays a significant role in the development of fibrosis and HCC in mouse models of fatty liver disease. In this study, we examined the effect hAECs have on the LPC response and hepatic oxidative stress in an experimental model of NASH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experimental NASH was induced in C57BL\/6\u2009J male mice using a high-fat, high fructose diet for 42\u2009weeks. Mice received either a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 \u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      hAECs at week 34 or an additional hAEC dose at week 38. Changes to the LPC response and oxidative stress regulators were measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>hAEC administration significantly reduced the expansion of LPCs and their mitogens, IL-6, IFN\u03b3 and TWEAK. hAEC administration also reduced neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase production with a concurrent increase in heme oxygenase-1 production. These observations were accompanied by a significant increase in total levels of anti-fibrotic IFN\u03b2 in mice treated with a single dose of hAECs, which appeared to be independent of c-GAS-STING activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expansion of liver progenitor cells, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with experimental NASH were attenuated by hAEC administration. Given that repeated doses did not significantly increase efficacy, future studies assessing the impact of dose escalation and\/or timing of dose may provide insights into clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02476-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:03:16Z","timestamp":1627448596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Addressing the liver progenitor cell response and hepatic oxidative stress in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using amniotic epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mihiri","family":"Goonetilleke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Kuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Gantier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Yeoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2476_CR1","first-page":"1851","volume":"158","author":"TG Cotter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cotter TG, Rinella M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease. Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943). 2020;158(7):1851\u201364.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2476_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.03.011","volume":"10","author":"DM Torres","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torres DM, Williams CD, Harrison SA. Features, diagnosis, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(8):837\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.03.011.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.014","volume":"13","author":"S Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh S, et al. Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(4):643\u2013654.e9.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","volume":"64","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28431.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2476_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.06.022","volume":"47","author":"B Knight","year":"2007","unstructured":"Knight B, Lim R, Yeoh GC, Olynyk JK. Interferon-\u03b3 exacerbates liver damage, the hepatic progenitor cell response and fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic liver injury. J Hepatol. 2007;47(6):826\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.06.022.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2476_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65299-6","volume":"154","author":"KN Lowes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lowes KN, Brennan BA, Yeoh GC, Olynyk JK. Oval cell numbers in human chronic liver diseases are directly related to disease severity. Am J Pathol. 1999;154(2):537\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65299-6.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21466","volume":"45","author":"LN Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen LN, Furuya MH, Wolfraim LA, Nguyen AP, Holdren MS, Campbell JS, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta differentially regulates oval cell and hepatocyte proliferation. Hepatology. 2007;45(1):31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21466.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2476_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21535","volume":"45","author":"GC Yeoh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yeoh GC, et al. Opposing roles of gp130-mediated STAT-3 and ERK-1\/ 2 signaling in liver progenitor cell migration and proliferation. Hepatology. 2007;45(2):486\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21535.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.01.16","volume":"4","author":"J Best","year":"2015","unstructured":"Best J, Manka P, Syn WK, Doll\u00e9 L, van Grunsven L, Canbay A. Role of liver progenitors in liver regeneration. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2015;4(1):48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.01.16.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28671","volume":"64","author":"JU Marquardt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marquardt JU. Deconvolution of the cellular origin in hepatocellular carcinoma: hepatocytes take the center stage. Hepatology. 2016;64(4):1020\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28671.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2476_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03156.x","volume":"18","author":"G Emel Pamuk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Emel Pamuk G, Sonsuz A. N-Acetylcysteine in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;18(10):1220\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03156.x.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR12","first-page":"A1444","volume":"118","author":"O Gulbahar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gulbahar O, et al. Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with N-acetyl cystein. Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943). 2000;118(4):A1444.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20109","volume":"20","author":"HS Oz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oz HS, Im HJ, Chen TS, de Villiers WJS, McClain CJ. Glutathione-enhancing agents protect against steatohepatitis in a dietary model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2006;20(1):39\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.20109.","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63489-X","volume":"163","author":"T Roskams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roskams T, Yang SQ, Koteish A, Durnez A, DeVos R, Huang X, et al. Oxidative stress and oval cell accumulation in mice and humans with alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Pathol. 2003;163(4):1301\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63489-X.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2476_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2014.0096","volume":"35","author":"R Shimozono","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimozono R, Nishimura K, Akiyama H, Funamoto S, Izawa A, Sai T, et al. Interferon-\u03b2 mediates signaling pathways uniquely regulated in hepatic stellate cells and attenuates the progression of hepatic fibrosis in a dietary mouse model. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2015;35(6):464\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jir.2014.0096.","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"2476_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00549","volume":"8","author":"R Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim R, Hodge A, Moore G, Wallace EM, Sievert W. A pilot study evaluating the safety of intravenously administered human amnion epithelial cells for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00549.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2476_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0079","volume":"7","author":"R Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim R, Malhotra A, Tan J, Chan ST, Lau S, Zhu D, et al. First-in-human administration of allogeneic amnion cells in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a safety study. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2018;7(9):628\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.18-0079.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2476_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038631","volume":"7","author":"U Manuelpillai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manuelpillai U, Lourensz D, Vaghjiani V, Tchongue J, Lacey D, Tee JY, et al. Human amniotic epithelial cell transplantation induces markers of alternative macrophage activation and reduces established hepatic fibrosis. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0038631.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2476_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X661409","volume":"23","author":"JL Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan JL, Chan ST, Wallace EM, Lim R. Human amnion epithelial cells mediate lung repair by directly modulating macrophage recruitment and polarization. Cell Transplant. 2014;23(3):319\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368912X661409.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"10","key":"2476_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X685609","volume":"24","author":"Y-S Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song Y-S, Joo HW, Park IH, Shen GY, Lee Y, Shin JH, et al. Transplanted human amniotic epithelial cells secrete paracrine proangiogenic cytokines in rat model of myocardial infarctio. Cell Transplant. 2015;24(10):2055\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368914X685609.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"2476_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.04.009","volume":"18","author":"B Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao B, Liu JQ, Yang C, Zheng Z, Zhou Q, Guan H, et al. Human amniotic epithelial cells attenuate TGF-\u03b21-induced human dermal fibroblast transformation to myofibroblasts via TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 pathway. Cytotherapy. 2016;18(8):1012\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.04.009.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0496-3","volume":"8","author":"B Leaw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leaw B, Zhu D, Tan J, Muljadi R, Saad MI, Mockler JC, et al. Human amnion epithelial cells rescue cell death via immunomodulation of microglia in a mouse model of perinatal brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-017-0496-3.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2476_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alhomrani M, Correia J, Zavou M, Leaw B, Kuk N, Xu R, et al. The human amnion epithelial cell secretome decreases hepatic fibrosis in mice with chronic liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00748.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00748"},{"issue":"8","key":"2476_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14643","volume":"34","author":"N Kuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuk N, Hodge A, Sun Y, Correia J, Alhomrani M, Samuel C, et al. Human amnion epithelial cells and their soluble factors reduce liver fibrosis in murine non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(8):1441\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14643.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2476_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X504496","volume":"19","author":"U Manuelpillai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manuelpillai U, Tchongue J, Lourensz D, Vaghjiani V, Samuel CS, Liu A, et al. Transplantation of human amnion epithelial cells reduces hepatic fibrosis in immunocompetent CCl4-treated mice. Cell Transplant. 2010;19(9):1157\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368910X504496.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2476_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963689720950221","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720950221","volume":"29","author":"A Hodge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodge A, et al. Human amnion epithelial cells produce soluble factors that enhance liver repair by reducing fibrosis while maintaining regeneration in a model of chronic liver injury. Cell Transplant. 2020;29:963689720950221.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"2476_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X522252","volume":"20","author":"LB Sant'Anna","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sant'Anna LB, et al. Amniotic membrane application reduces liver fibrosis in a bile duct ligation rat model. Cell Transplant. 2011;20(3):441\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368910X522252.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2476_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8106482","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8106482","volume":"2019","author":"N Andrewartha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrewartha N, Yeoh G. Human amnion epithelial cell therapy for chronic liver disease. Stem Cells Int. 2019;2019:8106482.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"2476_CR29","first-page":"Unit 1E.3","volume":"Chapter 1","author":"T Miki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miki T, et al. Isolation of amniotic epithelial stem cells. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol. 2010;Chapter 1:Unit 1E.3.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001.1262.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2476_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02257","volume":"10","author":"M Bartneck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartneck M, Wang J. Therapeutic targeting of neutrophil granulocytes in inflammatory liver disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02257.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2476_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80117-1","volume":"26","author":"AM Gressner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gressner AM, Lahme B, Mannherz HG, Polzar B. TGF-beta-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis by rat and human hepatoma cells and primary rat hepatocytes. J Hepatol. 1997;26(5):1079\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80117-1.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2476_CR33","first-page":"2478","volume":"51","author":"F Oberhammer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Oberhammer F, Bursch W, Parzefall W, Breit P, Erber E, Stadler M, et al. Effect of transforming growth factor beta on cell death of cultured rat hepatocytes. Cancer Res. 1991;51(9):2478\u201385.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2476_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00039","volume":"5","author":"BJ Dwyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dwyer BJ, et al. TWEAK and LT\u03b2 Signaling during chronic liver disease. Front Immunol. 2014;5:39.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2476_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20520","volume":"41","author":"B Akhurst","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akhurst B, et al. Differential lymphotoxin-beta and interferon gamma signaling during mouse liver regeneration induced by chronic and acute injury. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2005;41(2):327.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-1003-6","volume":"319","author":"B Knight","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knight B, Yeoh G. TNF\/LT\u03b1 double knockout mice display abnormal inflammatory and regenerative responses to acute and chronic liver injury. Cell Tissue Res. 2005;319(1):61\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-004-1003-6.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2476_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.12.1809","volume":"192","author":"B Knight","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knight B, Yeoh GCT, Husk KL, Ly T, Abraham LJ, Yu C, et al. Impaired preneoplastic changes and liver tumor formation in tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 knockout mice. J Exp Med. 2000;192(12):1809\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.192.12.1809.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"2476_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200859","volume":"134","author":"D Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu D, Kusuma GD, Schwab R, Chan ST, Tan J, Saad MI, et al. Prematurity negatively affects regenerative properties of human amniotic epithelial cells in the context of lung repair. Clin Sci. 2020;134(20):2665\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20200859.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-044010","volume":"13","author":"JO Russell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Russell JO, Monga SP. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in liver development, homeostasis, and pathobiology. Annu Rev Pathol. 2018;13(1):351\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-044010.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2476_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8248","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912203107","volume":"107","author":"K-P Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee K-P, Lee JH, Kim TS, Kim TH, Park HD, Byun JS, et al. The Hippo-Salvador pathway restrains hepatic oval cell proliferation, liver size, and liver tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(18):8248\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0912203107.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80162-2","volume":"33","author":"L Libbrecht","year":"2000","unstructured":"Libbrecht L, Desmet V, Damme BV, Roskams T. The immunohistochemical phenotype of dysplastic foci in human liver: correlation with putative progenitor cells. J Hepatol. 2000;33(1):76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80162-2.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2476_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.059","volume":"19","author":"KS Tummala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tummala KS, Brandt M, Teijeiro A, Gra\u00f1a O, Schwabe RF, Perna C, et al. Hepatocellular carcinomas originate predominantly from hepatocytes and benign lesions from hepatic progenitor cells. Cell Rep. 2017;19(3):584\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.059.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2476_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70409-9","volume":"134","author":"RS Strauss","year":"1999","unstructured":"Strauss RS. Comparison of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in a cross-sectional sample of obese and nonobese children (NHANES III). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Pediatr. 1999;134(2):160\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70409-9.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2476_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9571-1","volume":"31","author":"ME Inzaugarat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Inzaugarat ME, Ferreyra Solari NE, Billordo LA, Abecasis R, Gadano AC, Cher\u00f1avsky AC. Altered phenotype and functionality of circulating immune cells characterize adult patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Immunol. 2011;31(6):1120\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10875-011-9571-1.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2476_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21070","volume":"43","author":"Y Ikura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ikura Y, Ohsawa M, Suekane T, Fukushima H, Itabe H, Jomura H, et al. Localization of oxidized phosphatidylcholine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: impact on disease progression. Hepatology. 2006;43(3):506\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21070.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"17","key":"2476_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5619","volume":"20","author":"Y-H Paik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paik Y-H, Kim J, Aoyama T, de Minicis S, Bataller R, Brenner DA. Role of NADPH oxidases in liver fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20(17):2854\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2013.5619.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2476_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00017","volume":"7","author":"S Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang S, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. The role of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) in liver fibrosis and the activation of myofibroblasts. Front Physiol. 2016;7:17.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2476_CR48","first-page":"1132","volume":"16","author":"A Hodge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hodge A, et al. oluble factors derived from human amniotic epithelial cells suppress collagen production in human hepatic stellate cells. Cytotherapy (Oxford, England). 2014;16(8):1132\u201344.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2476_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.022020","volume":"8","author":"AM Passman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Passman AM, Strauss RP, McSpadden S, Finch-Edmondson ML, Woo KH, Diepeveen LA, et al. A modified choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet reduces morbidity and retains a liver progenitor cell response in mice. Dis Model Mech. 2015;8(12):1635\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.022020.","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"3","key":"2476_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.010","volume":"53","author":"CS Viebahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viebahn CS, Benseler V, Holz LE, Elsegood CL, Vo M, Bertolino P, et al. Invading macrophages play a major role in the liver progenitor cell response to chronic liver injury. J Hepatol. 2010;53(3):500\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.010.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2476_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.019","volume":"51","author":"CK Argo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Argo CK, Northup PG, al-Osaimi AMS, Caldwell SH. Systematic review of risk factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2009;51(2):371\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.019.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2476_CR52","first-page":"1971","volume":"155","author":"X Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo X, et al. Expression of STING is increased in liver tissues from patients with NAFLD and promotes macrophage-mediated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943). 2018;155(6):1971\u20131984.e4.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2476_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121842","volume":"129","author":"Y Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu Y, Liu Y, An W, Song J, Zhang Y, Zhao X. STING-mediated inflammation in Kupffer cells contributes to progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(2):546\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI121842.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2476_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0689-9","volume":"8","author":"D Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu D, Tan J, Maleken AS, Muljadi R, Chan ST, Lau SN, et al. Human amnion cells reverse acute and chronic pulmonary damage in experimental neonatal lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-017-0689-9.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3727\/096368909788809857","volume":"18","author":"A Cargnoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cargnoni A, Gibelli L, Tosini A, Signoroni PB, Nassuato C, Arienti D, et al. Transplantation of allogeneic and xenogeneic placenta-derived cells reduces bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Cell Transplant. 2009;18(4):405\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368909788809857.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"2476_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2016-0077","volume":"6","author":"JL Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan JL, Tan YZ, Muljadi R, Chan ST, Lau SN, Mockler JC, et al. Amnion epithelial cells promote lung repair via Lipoxin A(4). Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(4):1085\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5966\/sctm.2016-0077.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02476-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02476-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02476-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:21:22Z","timestamp":1627449682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02476-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02476-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-99754\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This animal study was approved by Monash University Animal Ethics Committee (AE# B13\/01) and conducted in accordance with the Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (2006). The Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee approved the collection and use of human amnion (Monash Health HREC approval numbers: 01067B, 12223B). Informed written consent was obtained from each patient prior to surgery.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"429"}}