{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:30:07Z","timestamp":1790188207383,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cellular transplantations have promising effects on treating spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs), which have safety alongside their complementary characteristics, are suggested to be the two of the best candidates in SCI treatment. In this study, we assessed the safety and possible outcomes of intrathecal co-transplantation of autologous bone marrow MSC and SC in patients with subacute traumatic complete SCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven patients with complete SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS); grade A) were enrolled in this study during the subacute period of injury. The patients received an intrathecal autologous combination of MSC and SC and were followed up for 12\u2009months. We assessed the neurological changes by the American Spinal Injury Association\u2019s (ASIA) sensory-motor scale, functional recovery by spinal cord independence measure (SCIM-III), and subjective changes along with adverse events (AE) with our checklist. Furthermore, electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction velocity (NCV), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and urodynamic study (UDS) were conducted for all the patients at the baseline, 6\u2009months, and 1 year after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Light touch AIS score alterations were approximately the same as the pinprick changes (11.6 \u00b1 13.1 and 12 \u00b1 13, respectively) in 50% of the cervical and 63% of the lumbar-thoracic patients, and both were more than the motor score alterations (9.5 \u00b1 3.3 in 75% of the cervical and 14% of the lumbar-thoracic patients). SCIM III total scores (21.2 \u00b1 13.3) and all its sub-scores (\u201crespiration and sphincter management\u201d (15 \u00b1 9.9), \u201cmobility\u201d (9.5 \u00b1 13.3), and \u201cself-care\u201d (6 \u00b1 1.4)) had statistically significant changes after cell injection. Our findings support that the most remarkable positive, subjective improvements were in trunk movement, equilibrium in standing\/sitting position, the sensation of the bladder and rectal filling, and the ability of voluntary voiding. Our safety evaluation revealed no systemic complications, and radiological images showed no neoplastic overgrowth, syringomyelia, or pseudo-meningocele.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study showed that autologous SC and bone marrow-derived MSC transplantation at the subacute stage of SCI could reveal statistically significant improvement in sensory and neurological functions among the patients. It appears that using this combination of cells is safe and effective for clinical application to spinal cord regeneration during the subacute period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02515-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T04:03:24Z","timestamp":1628481804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Combining cell therapy with human autologous Schwann cell and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell in patients with subacute complete spinal cord injury: safety considerations and possible outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Oraee-Yazdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadhosein","family":"Akhlaghpasand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Golmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hafizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina Soufi","family":"Zomorrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima Mohseni","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Oraee-Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"Ashrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1152","volume":"28","author":"JC Furlan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furlan JC, Noonan V, Singh A, Fehlings MG. 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All procedures were performed after written informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"445"}}