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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is required for full protection against <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> but can induce inflammation and septic shock. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immune-modulating effects of the LPS\u2010MSC\u2010conditioned medium (CM) on <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> LPS immunization in a murine model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After preconditioning MSCs with LPS, mice were immunized intraperitoneally on days 0 and 14 with the following combinations: LPS\u2009+\u2009LPS-MSC-CM; detoxified LPS (DLPS)\u2009+\u2009MSC-CM; LPS\u2009+\u2009MSC sup; LPS; LPS-MSC-CM; MSC supernatant (MSC sup); and PBS. The mouse serum and saliva samples were collected to evaluate antibody (serum IgG and saliva IgA) and cytokine responses (TNF-\u03b1, IL-10, IL-6, TGF-\u03b2, IL-4, IL-5, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF)).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The LPS\u2009+\u2009LPS-MSC-CM significantly increased total IgG and IgA compared to other combinations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). TNF-\u03b1 levels, in contrast to IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2, were reduced significantly in mice receiving the LPS\u2009+\u2009LPS-MSC-CM compared to mice receiving only LPS. IL-4, IL-5, and BAFF levels significantly increased in mice receiving increased doses of LPS\u2009+\u2009LPS-MSC-CM compared to those who received only LPS. The highest vibriocidal antibody titer (1:64) was observed in LPS\u2009+\u2009LPS-MSC-CM-immunized mice and resulted in a significant improvement in survival in infant mice infected by <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The LPS-MSC-CM modulates the immune response to <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> LPS by regulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and inducing vibriocidal antibodies, which protect neonate mice against <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02622-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T17:16:42Z","timestamp":1635959802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media on lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae as a vaccine candidate"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahboube","family":"Bahroudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7523-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bita","family":"Bakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Soudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Najar-peerayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068144","volume":"355","author":"DA Sack","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sack DA, Sack RB, Chaignat CL. 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