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ADSCs have been used to treat critical limb ischemia in preclinical and clinical trials, but still, there is little known about their optimal delivery strategy. To date, no direct analysis of different methods of ADSCs delivery has been performed in the hindlimb ischemia model. Therefore, in this study we focused on the therapeutic efficacy of different ADSCs delivery methods in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For the hADSCs isolation, we used the subcutaneous adipose tissue collected during the surgery. The murine hindlimb ischemia was used as a model. The unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed on 10\u201312-week-old male C57BL\/6. ADSCs were delivered directly into ischemic muscle, into the contralateral muscle or intravenously. 7 and 14\u00a0days after the surgery, the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles were collected for the immunohistochemical analysis. The results were analyzed with relevant tests using the Statistica software.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our research revealed that muscle regeneration, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and macrophage infiltration in murine model of hindlimb ischemia differ depending on ADSCs delivery method. We have demonstrated that intramuscular method (directly into ischemic limb) of ADSCs delivery is more efficient in functional recovery after critical limb ischemia than intravenous or contralateral route.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We have noticed that injection of ADSCs directly into ischemic limb is the optimal delivery strategy because it increases: (1) muscle fiber regeneration, (2) the number of capillaries and (3) the influx of macrophages F4\/80<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD206<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03634-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:03:06Z","timestamp":1706832186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The comparison of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) delivery method in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Pilny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Czapla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Drzyzga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Smolarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sybilla","family":"Matuszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Jarosz-Biej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Krakowczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Cicho\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002938","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002938","volume":"5","author":"M Teraa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teraa M, Conte MS, Moll FL, Verhaar MC. 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(2) Name of the institutional approval committee: Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Local Ethics Commission; Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. (3) Approval Number: 55\/2018. (4) Date of approval: August 6, 2018. (1) Title of the approved project: Effect of the route of administration of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSCs) on the process of repairing damaged muscle tissue. (2) Name of the institutional approval committee: Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Local Ethics Commission; Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. (3) Approval Number: 74\/2021. (4) Date of approval: October 29, 2021. 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