{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:11:46Z","timestamp":1792019506108,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R21 HD102224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R21 HD102224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRAN1-10958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-10958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stem-cell-derived therapy is a promising option for tissue regeneration. Human iPSC-derived progenitors of smooth muscle cells (pSMCs) exhibit limited proliferation and differentiation, which minimizes the risk of tumor formation while restoring smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Up to 29% of women suffer from recurrence of vaginal prolapse after prolapse surgery. Therefore, there is a need for therapies that can restore vaginal function. SMCs contribute to vaginal tone and contractility. We sought to examine whether human pSMCs can restore vaginal function in a rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female immunocompromised RNU rats were divided into 5 groups: intact controls (n\u2009=\u200912), VSHAM (surgery\u2009+\u2009saline injection, n\u2009=\u200935), and three cell-injection groups (surgery\u2009+\u2009cell injection using pSMCs from three patients, n\u2009=\u200914\/cell line). The surgery to induce vaginal injury was analogous to prolapse surgery. Menopause was induced by surgical ovariectomy. The vagina, urethra, bladder were harvested 10\u00a0weeks after surgery (5\u00a0weeks after cell injection). Organ bath myography was performed to evaluate the contractile function of the vagina, and smooth muscle thickness was examined by tissue immunohistochemistry. Collagen I, collagen III, and elastin mRNA and protein expressions in tissues were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal smooth muscle contractions induced by carbachol and KCl in the cell-injection groups were significantly greater than those in the VSHAM group. Collagen I protein expression in the vagina of the cell-injections groups was significantly higher than in the VSHAM group. Vaginal elastin protein expression was similar between the cell-injection and VSHAM groups. In the urethra, gene expression levels of collagen I, III, and elastin were all significantly greater in the cell-injection groups than in the VSHAM group. Collagen I, III, and elastin protein expression of the urethra did not show a consistent trend between cell-injection groups and the VSHAM group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human iPSC-derived pSMCs transplantation appears to be associated with improved contractile function of the surgically injured vagina in a rat model. This is accompanied by changes in extracellular protein expression the vagina and urethra. These observations support further efforts in the translation of pSMCs into a treatment for regenerating the surgically injured vagina in women who suffer recurrent prolapse after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03900-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T23:31:03Z","timestamp":1726011063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Functional outcome of the anterior vaginal wall in a pelvic surgery injury rat model after treatment with stem cell-derived progenitors of smooth muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yiting","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4271-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy D.","family":"Dobberfuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000136100.10818.d8","volume":"104","author":"I Nygaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nygaard I, Bradley C, Brandt D, Women\u2019s HI. Pelvic organ prolapse in older women: prevalence and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(3):489\u201397.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3900_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-020-00549-9","volume":"95","author":"MK Kato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kato MK, Muro S, Kato T, Miyasaka N, Akita K. Spatial distribution of smooth muscle tissue in the female pelvic floor and surrounding the urethra and vagina. Anat Sci Int. 2020;95(4):516\u201322.","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"3900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8921284","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8921284","volume":"2019","author":"M Mao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mao M, Li Y, Zhang Y, Kang J, Zhu L. Tissue composition and biomechanical property changes in the vaginal wall of ovariectomized young rats. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:8921284.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31829ff74d","volume":"19","author":"S Mei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mei S, Ye M, Gil L, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Candiotti K, et al. The role of smooth muscle cells in the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2013;19:254\u20139.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2016.2604","volume":"60","author":"A Vetuschi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vetuschi A, D\u2019Alfonso A, Sferra R, Zanelli D, Pompili S, Patacchiola F, et al. Changes in muscularis propria of anterior vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Histochem. 2016;60(1):2604.","journal-title":"Eur J Histochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000343230","volume":"75","author":"P Martins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martins P, Lopes Silva-Filho A, Rodrigues Maciel da Fonseca AM, Santos A, Santos L, Mascarenhas T, et al. Biomechanical properties of vaginal tissue in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2013;75(2):85\u201392.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"3900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00058-6","volume":"89","author":"AL Olsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89(4):501\u20136.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"3900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.10.138","volume":"195","author":"RS Lavelle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lavelle RS, Christie AL, Alhalabi F, Zimmern PE. Risk of prolapse recurrence after native tissue anterior vaginal suspension procedure with intermediate to long-term followup. J Urol. 2016;195(4 Pt 1):1014\u201320.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70092-3","volume":"175","author":"J Tm","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tm J. The efficacy of Marlex mesh in the repair of severe, recurrent vaginal prolapse of the anterior midvaginal wall. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:1472\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1057-9","volume":"21","author":"TV Peterson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peterson TV, Karp DR, Aguilar VC, Davila GW. Primary versus recurrent prolapse surgery: differences in outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(4):483\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"3900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2016-0035","volume":"5","author":"YH Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li YH, Wen Y, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wani P, Green M, et al. Smooth muscle progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells induce histologic changes in injured urethral sphincter. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016;5(12):1719\u201329.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"3900_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58687-v","author":"PS McGrath","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGrath PS, Diette N, Kogut I, Bilousova G. RNA-based reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells. JOVE J Vis Exp. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/58687-v.","journal-title":"JOVE J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"3900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.05.017","volume":"188","author":"L Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou L, Lee JH, Wen Y, Constantinou C, Yoshinobu M, Omata S, et al. Biomechanical properties and associated collagen composition in vaginal tissue of women with pelvic organ prolapse. J Urol. 2012;188(3):875\u201380.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sexmed\/qfad063","author":"TM Ho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ho TM, Zhang JRY, Wen Y, Guo S, Dobberfuhl AD, Chen BR. Long-term effects of vaginal surgery and endogenous ovarian hormones on the vagina and bladder. Sex Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sexmed\/qfad063.","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124843","volume":"187","author":"MK Boreham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boreham MK, Wai CY, Miller RT, Schaffer JI, Word RA. Morphometric analysis of smooth muscle in the anterior vaginal wall of women with pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(1):56\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.08.059","volume":"152","author":"N Chi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chi N, Lozo S, Rathnayake RAC, Botros-Brey S, Ma Y, Damaser M, et al. Distinctive structure, composition and biomechanics of collagen fibrils in vaginal wall connective tissues associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Acta Biomater. 2022;152:335\u201344.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"2","key":"3900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.06998.x","volume":"100","author":"JA Karam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karam JA, Vazquez DV, Lin VK, Zimmern PE. Elastin expression and elastic fibre width in the anterior vaginal wall of postmenopausal women with and without prolapse. BJU Int. 2007;100(2):346\u201350.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02292-y","volume":"12","author":"G Zhuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhuang G, Wen Y, Briggs M, Shao Q, Tran D, Wang H, et al. Secretomes of human pluripotent stem cell-derived smooth muscle cell progenitors upregulate extracellular matrix metabolism in the lower urinary tract and vagina. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):228.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"3900_CR19","volume-title":"Designing clinical research","author":"SB Hulley","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hulley SB, Cummings SR. Designing clinical research. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins; 1988."},{"key":"3900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02292-y","volume":"12","author":"GB Zhuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhuang GB, Wen Y, Briggs M, Shao QC, Tran D, Wang HB, et al. Secretomes of human pluripotent stem cell-derived smooth muscle cell progenitors upregulate extracellular matrix metabolism in the lower urinary tract and vagina. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"3900_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.027","volume":"192","author":"B Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen B, Wen Y, Yu X, Polan ML. Elastin metabolism in pelvic tissues: Is it modulated by reproductive hormones? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1605\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14816","volume":"162","author":"EV Vodegel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vodegel EV, Guler Z, Ras L, Mackova K, Groeneveld A, Bezuidenhout D, et al. Vaginal changes after ovariectomy in ewes: a large animal model for genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023;162(3):1042\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"3900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190025","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0025","volume":"9","author":"GL Clark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark GL, Pokutta-Paskaleva AP, Lawrence DJ, Lindsey SH, Desrosiers L, Knoepp LR, et al. Smooth muscle regional contribution to vaginal wall function. Interface Focus. 2019;9:20190025.","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"3900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2021.101682","volume":"74","author":"MDD Babinski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Babinski MDD, Pires LAS, Fonseca A, Manaia JHM, Babinski MA. Fibrous components of extracellular matrix and smooth muscle of the vaginal wall in young and postmenopausal women: stereological analysis. Tissue Cell. 2022;74:101682.","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"3900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.09.040","volume":"183","author":"B Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun B, Zhou L, Wen Y, Wang CH, Baer TM, Pera RR, et al. Proliferative behavior of vaginal fibroblasts from women with pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;183:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"3900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05539-9","volume":"34","author":"W Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan W, Duanqing Wu, Zhang L, Ye J, Guan J, Yang Y, et al. Single-cell transcriptomic data reveal the increase in extracellular matrix organization and antigen presentation abilities of fbroblasts and smooth muscle cells in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2023;34:2529\u201337.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3900_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3918","volume":"21","author":"B Hm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hm B, Bd C, Atv H. The central role of muscle stem cells in regenerative failure with aging. Nat Med. 2015;21(8):854\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3900_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000182584.15087.dd","volume":"106","author":"PA Moalli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moalli PA, Shand SH, Zyczynski HM, Gordy SC, Meyn LA. Remodeling of vaginal connective tissue in patients with prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:953\u201363.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3900_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0978-y","author":"A Frudinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frudinger A, Marksteiner R, Pfeifer J, Margreiter E, Paede J, Thurner M. Skeletal muscle-derived cell implantation for the treatment of sphincter-related faecal incontinence. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-018-0978-y.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"3900_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.01.030","volume":"105","author":"S Dahal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dahal S, Swaminathan G, Carney S, Broekelmann T, Mecham R, Ramamurthi A. Pro-elastogenic effects of mesenchymal stem cell derived smooth muscle cells in a 3D collagenous milieu. Acta Biomater. 2020;105:180\u201390.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"3900_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00351-1","volume":"11","author":"GL Clark-Patterson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark-Patterson GL, Roy S, Desrosiers L, Knoepp LR, Sen A, Miller KS. Role of fbulin-5 insufciency and prolapse progression on murine vaginal biomechanical function. Sci Rep. 2021;11:20956.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3900_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719112472733","volume":"20","author":"LC Skoczylas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skoczylas LC, Jallah Z, Sugino Y, Stein SE, Feola A, Yoshimura N, et al. Regional differences in rat vaginal smooth muscle contractility and morphology. Reprod Sci. 2013;20(4):382\u201390.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"3900_CR33","first-page":"489","volume":"40","author":"PJ Bazira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bazira PJ. Anatomy of the lower urinary tract. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2022;40(8):489\u2013500.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"3900_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010094","volume":"12","author":"Z Guler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guler Z, Roovers JP. Role of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts on the pathogenesis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Biomolecules. 2022;12:94.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"3900_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10385.x","volume":"108","author":"L Campeau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campeau L, Gorbachinsky I, Badlani GH, Andersson KE. Pelvic floor disorders: linking genetic risk factors to biochemical changes. BJU Int. 2011;108:1240\u20137.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3900_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00438.x","volume":"83","author":"MW S\u00f6derberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"S\u00f6derberg MW, Falconer C, Bystr\u00f6m B, Malmstr\u00f6m A, Ekman G. Young women with genital prolapse have a low collagen concentration. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:1193\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"3900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20012","volume":"23","author":"B Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen B, Wen Y, Polan ML. Elastolytic activity in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(2):119\u201326.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"12","key":"3900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2431-9","volume":"25","author":"L de Landsheere","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Landsheere L, Blacher S, Munaut C, Nusgens B, Rubod C, Noel A, et al. Changes in elastin density in different locations of the vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25(12):1673\u201381.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3900_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.05.004","volume":"16","author":"L Studer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Studer L, Vera E, Cornacchia D. Programming and reprogramming cellular age in the era of induced pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell. 2015;16:591\u2013600.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"3900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2012-0092","volume":"2","author":"Y Wen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wen Y, Wani P, Zhou L, Baer T, Phadnis SM, Reijo Pera RA, et al. Reprogramming of fibroblasts from older women with pelvic floor disorders alters cellular behavior associated with donor age. Stem Cell Transl Med. 2013;2:118\u201328.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Transl Med"},{"key":"3900_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02835-x","author":"S Salemi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salemi S, Prange JA, Baumgartner V, Mohr-Haralampieva D, Eberli D. Adult stem cell sources for skeletal and smooth muscle tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02835-x.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3900_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03085963","volume":"15","author":"SSM Rensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rensen SSM, Doevendans PAFM, van Eys GJJM. Regulation and characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic diversity. Neth Heart J. 2007;15(3):100\u20138.","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-024-03900-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-024-03900-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-024-03900-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T11:07:09Z","timestamp":1726052829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-024-03900-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-024-03900-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4172308\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by (1) the Institutional Review Board of the Stanford University School of Medicine, protocol title \u201cAlteration in the expression of collagen and elastin metabolism-related proteins in pelvic tissues from women with and without pelvic organ dysfunction\u201d (#9992, 02\/28\/2024-, Regular-continuing review). This protocol includes the ethics approval for consenting participants. All three participants signed the approved consent to participate, (2) the Stanford University Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee, protocol: Derivation of Primary Donor Cell Lines for Human Cell Reprogramming (#40, 02\/13\/2024-, Renewal), (3) the Stanford University Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee, protocol: Autologous iPSC-derived smooth muscle cell therapy for treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse (#439, 02\/13\/2024-, Renewal), and (4) the Institutional Review Board of the Stanford University School of Medicine and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), protocol: Treatment of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse with skin and vaginal wall fibroblast derived stem cells and stem cell-derived smooth muscle progenitor cells, Approval (#33817, 08\/09\/2023-, Revision).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have confirmed their consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"291"}}