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The use of animals in this study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Sun Yat-sen University and was conducted in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. The approved study is titled \u201cMechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in relieving ConA-induced liver failure\u201d, with approval granted on December 25, 2023 (Approval number: IACUC-F3-24-0102). The umbilical cords were obtained from healthy mothers at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University with parental consent. The procedure for isolating UC-MSCs was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The approved study is titled \u201cA Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on the Treatment of Hepatitis B-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure with Allogeneic Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells\u201d, with approval granted on December 30, 2020 (Approval number: 2020-14). Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s) under the ethical committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors confirm their consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}