{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:22:35Z","timestamp":1793017355092,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qingdao Science and Technology Benefiting the People Demonstration Special Project","award":["23-2-8-smjk-14-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2-8-smjk-14-nsh"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82202384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) show potential for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), however, their homing to the lungs and survival time are insufficient. In this study, we evaluated whether pulsed focus ultrasound (pFUS) could promote the homing and prolonged retention of hUC-MSCs in the lungs of ARDS mice and explored the mechanisms involved.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mice were divided into four groups: the NC group, the LPS group, the MSCs group, and the pFUS\u2009+\u2009MSCs group. Except for the NC group, the other three groups were constructed as ARDS models and given PBS, MSCs and pFUS\u2009+\u2009MSCs interventions. hUC-MSCs were used to assess lung tissue injury by HE staining, inflammatory cell count in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and expression of <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il1b and Il6<\/jats:italic> in the lung tissues; and apoptosis and proliferation in the lung tissues were assessed by TUNEL and immunofluorescence. Bioluminescence imaging was used to detect the homing rate and survival of hUC-MSCs in mouse lungs from 1 to 7\u00a0days. <jats:italic>Cxcl5 and Igf1<\/jats:italic> was found to be differentially expressed and highly enriched by mRNA sequencing in MSC and sonicated groups and verified by PCR combined with ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compared with the LPS group, the lung inflammatory infiltrate and lung tissue damage in the MSCs group and pFUS\u2009+\u2009MSC group were alleviated, the number of inflammatory cells in the BALF and the expression of <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il1b and Il6<\/jats:italic> in the lung tissues were reduced, the expression of TUNEL-positive cells was reduced, and the expression of PCNA-positive cells was increased, and the decrease or increase was more significant in the pFUS\u2009+\u2009MSC group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). pFUS increased the number of hUC-MSCs homing in the lungs and prolonged lung survival to day 6 and significantly up-regulated lung tissue levels of SDF-1, ICAM-1, CXCL5 and IGF-1 compared to the MSCs group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>pFUS preconditioning may improve lung homing and prolong survival of hUC-MSCs by upregulating the levels of homing-associated factors SDF-1, ICAM-1, CXCL5 and IGF-1, which in turn improves ARDS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04545-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T13:00:59Z","timestamp":1753534859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound assisted homing of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes recovery from acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bei-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Wei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kong-Miao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10358","key":"4545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01485-4","volume":"400","author":"LDJ Bos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bos LDJ, Ware LB. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1145\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10300","key":"4545_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00439-6","volume":"398","author":"NJ Meyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meyer NJ, Gattinoni L, Calfee CS. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet. 2021;398(10300):622\u201337.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10358","key":"4545_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01439-8","volume":"400","author":"EA Gorman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gorman EA, O\u2019Kane CM, McAuley DF. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1157\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4545_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00467","volume":"26","author":"K Rajarshi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajarshi K, Chatterjee A, Ray S. Combating COVID-19 with mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2020;26: e00467.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Rep (Amst)"},{"key":"4545_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100686","volume":"20","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Xun J, Wu C, et al. Acceleration of burn wound healing by micronized amniotic membrane seeded with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mater Today Bio. 2023;20: 100686.","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"10","key":"4545_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.08.003","volume":"32","author":"C Tunstead","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tunstead C, Volkova E, Dunbar H, et al. The ARDS microenvironment enhances MSC-induced repair via VEGF in experimental acute lung inflammation. Mol Ther. 2024;32(10):3422\u201332.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"4545_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.05.004","volume":"15","author":"M Ullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ullah M, Liu DD, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal stromal cell homing: mechanisms and strategies for improvement. iScience. 2019;15:421\u201338.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03476-4","volume":"14","author":"S Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu S, Yu S, Liu H, et al. Enhancing mesenchymal stem cell survival and homing capability to improve cell engraftment efficacy for liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14(1):235.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4545_CR9","first-page":"409","volume":"23","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou H, He Y, Xiong W, et al. Msc based gene delivery methods and strategies improve the therapeutic efficacy of neurological diseases. Bioact Mater. 2023;23:409\u201337.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"4545_CR10","first-page":"0311","volume":"7","author":"G Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang G, Shen H, Xu K, et al. Single-cell microgel encapsulation improves the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in treating intervertebral disc degeneration via inhibiting pyroptosis. Research (Wash D C). 2024;7:0311.","journal-title":"Research (Wash D C)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4545_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1099","volume":"30","author":"A Ziadloo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ziadloo A, Burks SR, Gold EM, et al. Enhanced homing permeability and retention of bone marrow stromal cells by noninvasive pulsed focused ultrasound. Stem Cells. 2012;30(6):1216\u201327.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"19","key":"4545_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.33876","volume":"9","author":"SR Burks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burks SR, Lorsung RM, Nagle ME, et al. Focused ultrasound activates voltage-gated calcium channels through depolarizing TRPC1 sodium currents in kidney and skeletal muscle. Theranostics. 2019;9(19):5517\u201331.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"8","key":"4545_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0391","volume":"9","author":"DD Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu DD, Ullah M, Concepcion W, et al. The role of ultrasound in enhancing mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2020;9(8):850\u201366.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01124-6","volume":"7","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wei X, Deng Y, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):307.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1098-4","volume":"9","author":"T Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun T, Gao F, Li X, et al. A combination of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction with transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes recovery of acute liver injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):356.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4545_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451577","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1451577","volume":"15","author":"T Nakagiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakagiri T, K\u00f6hler NR, Janciauskiene S, et al. Hemopexin alleviates sterile inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1451577.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00488-5","volume":"6","author":"L Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi L, Huang H, Lu X, et al. Effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on lung damage in severe COVID-19 patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6(1):58.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-024-00363-1","volume":"9","author":"L Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang L, Fan WW, Yuan HL, et al. Role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in skin rejuvenation. NPJ Regen Med. 2024;9(1):20.","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4545_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.11.049","volume":"330","author":"Z Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yan X. CD146, a multi-functional molecule beyond adhesion. Cancer Lett. 2013;330(2):150\u201362.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61167-z","volume":"10","author":"Y Petrenko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrenko Y, Vackova I, Kekulova K, et al. A comparative analysis of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from different sources, with a focus on neuroregenerative potential. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):4290.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4545_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020845","author":"S Shin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin S, Lee J, Kwon Y, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of the mesenchymal stem cells secretome from adipose, bone marrow, placenta and Wharton\u2019s jelly. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22020845.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02972-3","volume":"13","author":"L Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi L, Zheng Y, Cheng Z, et al. One-year follow-up study after patients with severe COVID-19 received human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):321.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4545_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243102","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1243102","volume":"14","author":"F Hua","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hua F, Cui E, Lv L, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation from HUC-MSC-treated mice alleviates acute lung injury in mice through anti-inflammation and gut microbiota modulation. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1243102.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1076-x","volume":"9","author":"L Scarfe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scarfe L, Taylor A, Sharkey J, et al. Non-invasive imaging reveals conditions that impact distribution and persistence of cells after in vivo administration. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):332.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1031-x","volume":"9","author":"SS Meng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meng SS, Xu XP, Chang W, et al. LincRNA-p21 promotes mesenchymal stem cell migration capacity and survival through hypoxic preconditioning. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):280.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4545_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1927","volume":"33","author":"PA Tebebi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tebebi PA, Burks SR, Kim SJ, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 or tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitors attenuate the mechanotransductive effects of pulsed focused ultrasound to suppress mesenchymal stromal cell homing to healthy and dystrophic muscle. Stem Cells. 2015;33(4):1173\u201386.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"4545_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41550","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41550","volume":"7","author":"PA Tebebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tebebi PA, Kim SJ, Williams RA, et al. Improving the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells to restore perfusion in critical limb ischemia through pulsed focused ultrasound. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41550.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"4545_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6015","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13874","volume":"22","author":"SR Burks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burks SR, Nagle ME, Bresler MN, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cell potency to treat acute kidney injury increased by ultrasound-activated interferon-\u03b3\/interleukin-10 axis. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22(12):6015\u201325.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4545_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcad098","volume":"116","author":"J Ashe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashe J, Graf J, Madhavan R, et al. Investigation of liver-targeted peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation (pFUS) and its effect on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a proof of concept, phase 1 trial. QJM. 2023;116(8):667\u201385.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"4545_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.892086","volume":"13","author":"U Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed U, Graf JF, Daytz A, et al. Ultrasound neuromodulation of the spleen has time-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in a pneumonia model. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 892086.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4545_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.03.003","volume":"2","author":"F Belema-Bedada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belema-Bedada F, Uchida S, Martire A, et al. Efficient homing of multipotent adult mesenchymal stem cells depends on FROUNT-mediated clustering of CCR2. Cell Stem Cell. 2008;2(6):566\u201375.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"4545_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2011.20","volume":"1","author":"FE Togel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Togel FE, Westenfelder C. Role of SDF-1 as a regulatory chemokine in renal regeneration after acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2011;1(3):87\u20139.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1384-9","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li X, Wang Q, Ding L, et al. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 enhances the therapeutic effects of MSCs in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis models by promoting MSCs homing to murine colons and spleens. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):267.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4545_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.755623","volume":"12","author":"S Le Gallou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Gallou S, Lhomme F, Irish JM, et al. Nonclassical monocytes are prone to migrate into tumor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 755623.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4545_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.04.008","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhang H. Update on the mechanisms of homing of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Cytotherapy. 2016;18(7):816\u201327.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"4545_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.186742","volume":"103","author":"H Haider","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haider H, Jiang S, Idris NM, et al. IGF-1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells accelerate bone marrow stem cell mobilization via paracrine activation of SDF-1alpha\/CXCR4 signaling to promote myocardial repair. Circ Res. 2008;103(11):1300\u20138.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"4545_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2017.03.002","volume":"9","author":"W Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin W, Xu L, Zwingenberger S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells homing to improve bone healing. J Orthop Translat. 2017;9:19\u201327.","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"issue":"7","key":"4545_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0054","volume":"25","author":"AL Ponte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ponte AL, Marais E, Gallay N, et al. The in vitro migration capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: comparison of chemokine and growth factor chemotactic activities. Stem Cells. 2007;25(7):1737\u201345.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"4545_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.04.018","volume":"308","author":"JL Halpern","year":"2011","unstructured":"Halpern JL, Kilbarger A, Lynch CC. Mesenchymal stem cells promote mammary cancer cell migration in vitro via the CXCR2 receptor. Cancer Lett. 2011;308(1):91\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04545-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04545-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04545-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T01:37:43Z","timestamp":1757295463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04545-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04545-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals of Qingdao Municipal Hospital. (Approval No. XM: 2023\u2013001 \u201cUltrasound-targeted adjuvant stem cell therapy in the comprehensive management of respiratory critical illnesses\u201d approved on Apr 28, 2024). The original source (Qingdao Zhong De Hua Da Cell Technology Co) has confirmed that there was initial ethical approval for collection of human cells, and that the donors had signed informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors given consent to publish the research data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"407"}}