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The work has been reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs, HUXMD-01001) were purchased from OriCell (Shanghai, China;\n                      \n                      ). OriCell has confirmed that the original collection of human tissues was conducted under institutional ethical approval and that informed consent was obtained from all donors prior to tissue procurement. The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 (CL-0190) was purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China). The human colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 (ZQ1079) was obtained from Zhong Qiao Xin Zhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China;\n                      \n                      ). According to the provider, the establishment and distribution of this cell line were conducted in compliance with ethical standards, and informed consent was obtained from the original donors. All authors provided their consent for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"68"}}