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N Engl J Med. 2002;346:896\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa012212.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04873-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04873-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04873-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:35:27Z","timestamp":1770035727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04873-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-025-04873-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not include any studies involving human participants conducted by any of the authors. The hUC-MSCs were purchased from Fuyuan Biotechnology (Fuyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China), and HBMECs were purchased from Meisen Cell Technology (Meisen Cell Technology, Zhejiang, China). The original sources have confirmed that there was initial ethical approval for collection of these human cells, and that the donors had signed informed consent. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines and approved by the Shanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Title: BMSC-Exos Repair Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Disruption after Spinal Cord Injury through Regulation of ET1\/ETR; Approval No. 89\/2022; Date: March 29, 2022).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"63"}}