{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:41:06Z","timestamp":1792118466764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taishan Scholars Youth Project","award":["tsqn202103111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202103111"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province-Youth Foundation","award":["ZR2021QC034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QC034"]}]},{"name":"Yantai Provincial Talent Matching Funds","award":["1007-10073802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1007-10073802"]}]},{"name":"Overseas High-level Talent Workstation Fund of Shandong Province","award":["2023119005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023119005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common gynecological disease that contributes to infertility. Decreased endometrial angiogenesis and uterine ischemia are major therapeutic challenges for IUA and cannot be addressed by current treatment strategies. Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (H-EMSCs) and macrophages (m\u00f8) are both important cell types that reside within the endometrial tissue and participate in its repair and regeneration. However, how to harness the endometrial tissue repair potential of H-EMSCs and m\u00f8 simultaneously in a co-delivery system and whether there are significant biochemical cross-talks between the two cell types so that they can regulate each other to specifically boost endometrial tissue angiogenesis remains to be explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study developed a H-EMSCs-m\u00f8 co-delivery system using an electrospun polycaprolactone-hyaluronic acid (PCL-HA) membrane and established a rat endometrial damage model. The effects of the co-delivery system on endometrial tissue repair (endometrium thickness, endometrial glands number) and angiogenesis were investigated. The mechanisms underlying the enhanced endometrial tissue angiogenesis of the H-EMSCs-m\u00f8 co-delivery system were also delineated. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey\u2019s test for pair-wise comparisons or an independent samples t-test where appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, it was found that a H-EMSCs and m\u00f8 co-delivery system developed with a PCL-HA electrospun membrane carrier (PCL-HA\/H-E\/m\u00f8) significantly increased the endometrium thickness and restored the number of endometrial glands at day 7 and 14 in the endometrial damage model vs. the NR (normal repair) and PCL-HA alone groups. Further, PCL-HA\/H-E\/m\u00f8 enhanced more CD31 gene and protein expression, indicating great potential for angiogenesis to occur at day 7 and 14 post-implantation, when compared with PCL-HA\/H-E, NR or PCL-HA alone. It was also proved to demonstrated that elevated VEGF production was one of the potential factors that contributed to the enhanced angiogenesis of the co-delivery patch system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provided significant insights into the use of co-delivered H-EMSCs and m\u00f8, on a PCL-HA hybrid electrospun membrane, for effectively inducing endometrial angiogenesis and repair to enhance IUA treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-026-04929-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T04:32:42Z","timestamp":1771216362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Co-delivery of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages by an electrospun patch promotes angiogenesis during endometrial injury repair via VEGF related signalling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiangru","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Paul","family":"Santerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1491-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5175","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105175","volume":"22","author":"WL Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee WL, Liu CH, Cheng M, Chang WH, Liu WM, Wang PH Focus on the primary prevention of intrauterine adhesions: current concept and vision. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. 22: 5175 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22105175.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4929_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.070","volume":"89","author":"D Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu D, Li TC, Xia E, Huang X, Liu Y, Peng X. Factors affecting reproductive outcome of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for asherman\u2019s syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(3):715\u20132289.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"4929_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264006","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1264006","volume":"11","author":"F Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu F, Lei N, Yang S, Zhou J, Chen M, Chen C, et al. Treatment strategies for intrauterine adhesion: focus on the exosomes and hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1264006.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"4929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.48095\/cccg2023210","volume":"88","author":"M Emingr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emingr M, Halaj M, Mal\u010d\u00e1k M, Han\u00e1\u010dek J. Prevention of intrauterine adhesions. Ceska Gynekol. 2023;88:210\u20133.","journal-title":"Ceska Gynekol"},{"key":"4929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2000.0588","volume":"22","author":"DM Sherer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sherer DM, Abulafia O. Angiogenesis during implantation, and placental and early embryonic development. Placenta. 2001;22:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"4929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR2018-0093","volume":"16","author":"NJN de Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves NJN, Frantz N, de Oliveira RM. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy: an approach in reproductive medicine based on successful animal models. Anim Reprod. 2018;16(1):93\u20138.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"4929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02375-6","volume":"9","author":"JA Maybin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maybin JA, Murray AA, Saunders PTK, Hirani N, Carmeliet P, Critchley HOD. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 are required for normal endometrial repair during menstruation. Nat Commun. 2018;9:295.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4929_CR8","first-page":"1343","volume":"6","author":"Y Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chang Y, Yao S. Role of angiogenesis in endometrial repair of patients with severe intrauterine adhesion. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6:1343\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"4929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100389","volume":"16","author":"J Cen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cen J, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Ma S, Zhang C, Jin L, et al. Research progress of stem cell therapy for endometrial injury. Mater Today Bio. 2022;16:100389.","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"2","key":"4929_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2017.0057","volume":"16","author":"W Zuo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zuo W, Xie B, Li C, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Liu W, et al. The clinical applications of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells. Biopreserv Biobank. 2018;16(2):158\u201364.","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"4929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0286","volume":"152","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Lin X, Dai Y, Hu X, Zhu H, Jiang Y, et al. Endometrial stem cells repair injured endometrium and induce angiogenesis via AKT and ERK pathways. Reproduction. 2016;152:389\u2013402.","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"4929_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2022.03.011","volume":"367","author":"E Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown E, Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar R, Maybin JA, Gibson DA. Endometrial macrophages in health and disease. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2022;367:183\u2013208.","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"4929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","volume":"44","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wynn TA, Vannella KM. Macrophages in tissue Repair, Regeneration, and fibrosis. Immunity. 2016;44:450\u201362.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4929_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43185-8","volume":"9","author":"K Sekiguchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sekiguchi K, Ito Y, Hattori K, Inoue T, Hosono K, Honda M, et al. VEGF receptor 1-Expressing macrophages recruited from bone marrow enhances angiogenesis in endometrial tissues. Sci Rep. 2019;9:7037.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"07","key":"4929_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-111899","volume":"77","author":"J Alfer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alfer J, Happel L, Dittrich R, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Gaumann A, et al. Insufficient angiogenesis: cause of abnormally thin endometrium in subfertile patients? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2017;77(07):756\u20136477.","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"4929_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.06.010","volume":"119","author":"P Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin P, Gurevich DB. Macrophage regulation of angiogenesis in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2021;119:101\u201310.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"4929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu D, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal stem Cell-Macrophage crosstalk and maintenance of inflammatory microenvironment homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021. 9:681171","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.681171"},{"issue":"6","key":"4929_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23476","volume":"88","author":"Q Lv","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lv Q, Wang L, Luo X, Chen X. Adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration: molecular insights and clinical applications. Mol Reprod Dev. 2021;88(6):379\u201394.","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"4929_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"096368972110207","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897211020734","volume":"30","author":"Y Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao Y, Wu G, Xu Y, Zhao D, Zheng L. Stem Cell-Based therapy for Asherman syndrome: promises and challenges. Cell Transpl. 2021;30:09636897211020734.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"issue":"13","key":"4929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901358","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901358","volume":"9","author":"F Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang F, King MW. Biodegradable polymers as the pivotal player in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater. 2020;9(13):1901358.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"4929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007226","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007226","volume":"31","author":"D Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang D, Chen Q, Shi C, Chen M, Ma K, Wan J, et al. Dealing with the Foreign-Body response to implanted biomaterials: strategies and applications of new materials. Adv Funct Mater. 2021;31(6):2007226.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"4929_CR22","first-page":"658","volume":"12","author":"A Azari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azari A, Golchin A, Maymand MM, Mansouri F, Ardeshirylajimi A. Electrospun Polycaprolactone nanofibers: current research and applications in biomedical application. Adv Pharm Bull. 2022;12(4):658.","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"4929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duda S, Dreyer L, Behrens P, Wienecke S, Chakradeo T, Glasmacher B et al. Outer electrospun Polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel Chitosan nerve guides. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014(1): 835269.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/835269"},{"issue":"20","key":"4929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203104","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202203104","volume":"12","author":"NG Kotla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kotla NG, Mohd Isa IL, Larra\u00f1aga A, Maddiboyina B, Swamy SK, Sivaraman G, et al. Hyaluronic acid-based bioconjugate systems, scaffolds, and their therapeutic potential. Adv Healthc Mater. 2023;12(20):2203104.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"4929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An J, Ma T, Wang Q, Zhang J, Santerre JP, Wang W et al. Defining optimal electrospun membranes to enhance biological activities of human endometrial MSCs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025. 13:1551791","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1551791"},{"issue":"2","key":"4929_CR26","first-page":"154","volume":"23","author":"M Rahimipour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahimipour M, Jafarabadi M, Salehnia M. In vitro implantation model using human endometrial SUSD2\u2009+\u2009mesenchymal stem cells and myometrial smooth muscle cells. Cell J. 2021;23(2):154\u201316323.","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"4929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04572-4","volume":"478","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Song H, Fan X, He S, Yin W, Peng Z, et al. Optimizing human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells for maximal induction of angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2023;478:1191\u2013204.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02603-3","volume":"12","author":"M Aleahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aleahmad M, Bozorgmehr M, Nikoo S, Ghanavatinejad A, Shokri MR, Montazeri S, et al. Endometrial mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells: the enigma to code messages for generation of functionally active regulatory T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):536.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4929_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200011)52:2<239::AID-JBM1>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"52","author":"EL Boynton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boynton EL, Waddell J, Meek E, Labow RS, Edwards V, Santerre JP. The effect of polyethylene particle chemistry on human monocyte-macrophage function in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;52:239\u201345.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"4929_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00221.x","volume":"76","author":"DLM Dinnes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dinnes DLM, Santerre JP, Labow RS. Influence of biodegradable and non-biodegradable material surfaces on the differentiation of human monocyte-derived macrophages. Differentiation. 2008;76:232\u201344.","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"4929_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.02.041","volume":"54","author":"X Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X, Battiston KG, Labow RS, Simmons CA, Santerre JP. Generating favorable growth factor and protease release profiles to enable extracellular matrix accumulation within an in vitro tissue engineering environment. Acta Biomater. 2017;54:81\u201394.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"4929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.12.006","volume":"103","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Simmons CA, Paul Santerre J. Paracrine signalling from monocytes enables desirable extracellular matrix accumulation and temporally appropriate phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell-like cells derived from adipose stromal cells. Acta Biomater. 2020;103:129\u201341.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"4929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15227-1","volume":"12","author":"R Belvedere","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belvedere R, Novizio N, Morello S, Petrella A. The combination of mesoglycan and VEGF promotes skin wound repair by enhancing the activation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts and their cross-talk. Sci Rep. 2022;12:11041.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4929_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2019.0172","volume":"29","author":"H Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li M, Ouyang Q, Lin G, Hu L. VEGF promotes endothelial cell differentiation from human embryonic stem cells mainly through PKC-\u03f5\/\u03b7 pathway. Stem Cells Dev. 2020;29:90\u20139.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4929_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.04.224","volume":"225","author":"F Vilella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vilella F, Wang W, Moreno I, Quake SR, Simon C. Understanding the human endometrium in the 21st century. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225(1):1\u20132.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-021-00242-6","volume":"25","author":"J Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma J, Zhan H, Li W, Zhang L, Yun F, Wu R, et al. Recent trends in therapeutic strategies for repairing endometrial tissue in intrauterine adhesion. Biomater Res. 2021;25(1):40.","journal-title":"Biomater Res"},{"key":"4929_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.12.007","volume":"318","author":"L Kou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kou L, Jiang X, Xiao S, Zhao YZ, Yao Q, Chen R. Therapeutic options and drug delivery strategies for the prevention of intrauterine adhesions. J Contr Releas. 2020;318:25\u201337.","journal-title":"J Contr Releas"},{"key":"4929_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.02.046","volume":"35","author":"L Ding","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ding L, Li X, Sun H, Su J, Lin N, P\u00e9ault B, et al. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on collagen scaffolds for the functional regeneration of injured rat uterus. Biomaterials. 2014;35:4888\u2013900.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4929_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02882","volume":"10","author":"M Ramirez-Pedraza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramirez-Pedraza M, Fern\u00e1ndez M. Interplay between macrophages and angiogenesis: a Double-Edged sword in liver disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2882.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4929_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0139","volume":"14","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Perkins J. Angiogenesis and intrauterine growth restriction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;14:981\u201398.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"4929_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa287","volume":"117","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu X, Reboll MR, Korf-Klingebiel M, Wollert KC. Angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117:1257\u201373.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"4929_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.8.1557","volume":"16","author":"JWM De Maas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maas JWM, Groothuis PG, Dunselman GAJ, De Goeij AFPM, Struyker Boudier HAJ, Evers JLH. Endometrial angiogenesis throughout the human menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:S134\u20135.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"4929_CR43","first-page":"4797","volume":"14","author":"Z Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Z, Wang X, Guan Y, Yu X, Liu J, Zhang Z. Uterine artery blood flow and microvessel density by vaginal color doppler ultrasonography in embryo implantation failure. Exp Ther Med. 2017;14(5):4797\u2013800.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"4929_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10730","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15696","volume":"24","author":"M Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li M, Hu J, Yao L, Gao M. Decreased ANGPTL4 impairs endometrial angiogenesis during peri-implantation period in patients with recurrent implantation failure. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:10730\u201343.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"4929_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maybin JA, Critchley HOD. Menstrual physiology: implications for endometrial pathology and beyond. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(6):748-61","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv038"},{"key":"4929_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1272-3","volume":"10","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Z, Yan G, Diao Q, Yu F, Li X, Sheng X, et al. Transplantation of human endometrial perivascular cells with elevated CYR61 expression induces angiogenesis and promotes repair of a full-thickness uterine injury in rat. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10:179.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4929_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"096368972095205","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720952055","volume":"29","author":"X Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han X, Ma Y, Lu X, Li W, Xia E, Li TC, et al. Transplantation of human adipose stem cells using acellular human amniotic membrane improves angiogenesis in injured endometrial tissue in a rat intrauterine adhesion model. Cell Transpl. 2020;29:0963689720952055.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"issue":"1","key":"4929_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02980-3","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhang XL, Lu ST, Zhang NY, Zhang HJ, Zhang J, et al. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes encapsulated in pluronic F127 hydrogel promote wound healing and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):407","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"4929_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.05.015","volume":"28","author":"M Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park M, Hong SH, Park SH, Kim YS, Yang SC, Kim HR, et al. Perivascular stem cell-derived cyclophilin A improves uterine environment with Asherman\u2019s syndrome via HIF1\u03b1-dependent angiogenesis. Mol Ther. 2020;28:1818\u201332.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-026-04929-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-026-04929-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-026-04929-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T15:05:07Z","timestamp":1773414307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13287-026-04929-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-026-04929-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Human endometrial tissue pieces (released into menstrual blood) were obtained from the Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai (approved by Binzhou medical university ethics committee, ethics approval number: 2023-043, approval date: 2023-2-28, project name: biomaterial-based co-delivery system to promote endometrial tissue repair). The rat endometrial damage model experiments were approved by Binzhou medical university ethics committee, ethics approval number: 2023-056, approval date: 2023-3-8, project name: biomaterial-based co-delivery system to promote endometrial tissue repair. The patients provided written informed consent for participation in the study and the use of samples.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"108"}}