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The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of autologous bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) therapy for patients with vocal fold scarring and severe dysphonia. Additionally, the study sought to propose a post-operative voice training protocol and explore its potential role in facilitating voice improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight patients with vocal fold scarring and chronic dysphonia underwent surgical scar resection and autologous MSC injection, followed by voice training. Safety was continuously monitored for up to 36\u00a0months postoperatively. Data to evaluate therapeutic efficacy was collected pre-treatment, 3 and 12\u00a0months post-treatment. Assessments included analysis of vocal fold vibrations, Phonation Threshold Pressure, and Maximum Phonation Time. Patient-reported measures were collected using the Voice Handicap Index, the Vocal Fatigue Index, and ratings of major symptoms and their impact on daily life. Treatment effectiveness was analyzed at both group and individual levels, with clinically relevant changes predefined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No treatment-related side effects were reported within the 36\u00a0months of follow-up. Group-level analysis of the self-reported outcomes indicated positive treatment effects, with Voice Handicap Index scores reduced by \u221225\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      9 points (95% CI [\u221248, \u22123\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      6]) between pre-treatment and 12\u00a0months post-treatment. Group-level aerodynamic changes were small with Phonation Threshold Pressure showing a marginal positive change on average (\u22120.94 cmH\n                      <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                      O), as did Maximum Phonation Time (+\u20090.2\u00a0s). At the individual level, clinically relevant improvements were observed in 63\u201388% of patients depending on the parameter analyzed. Three patients (38%) achieved relevant improvement on\u2009\u2265\u20095\/6 selected parameters in combination. All participants in voice training reported reduced vocal strain following training.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This preliminary, uncontrolled study indicates that local administration of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs appears safe and is associated with clinically relevant patient-reported outcome improvements in a majority of patients. Larger, controlled trials are needed in the future to establish efficacy and possibly disentangle contributions of MSCs versus voice training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This clinical trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04290182)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-026-05022-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T06:05:48Z","timestamp":1776578748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An open phase I\/IIa study evaluating safety, patient-reported outcomes and voice function after surgery, local administration of mesenchymal stromal cells and voice training in patients with vocal fold scarring and dysphonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0714-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m B\u00f6rlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Nygren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"S\u00f6dersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svante","family":"Granqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadir","family":"Kadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Rasmusson Duprez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Le Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stellan","family":"Herteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5022_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32833fecd1","volume":"18","author":"J Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen J. 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Title: An open Phase I\/II study in patients with severe dysphonia and vocal fold scarring to evaluate safety, tolerability and vocal function after surgery with local administration of autologous mesenchymal stromal cell product KI-MSC-PL-204. Date of approval: the 6th of February 2020. Patients provided written informed consent before any study-related activities were conducted.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patients gave consent for publication of the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"146"}}