{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:46:16Z","timestamp":1793317576941,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["BJ-2023-085, BJ-2024-172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ-2023-085, BJ-2024-172"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Res Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-026-05032-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T03:15:55Z","timestamp":1776568555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The messenger ion: magnesium ion coordinates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-mediated osteogenesis, migration, and angiogenesis via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liangkun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijie","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangyuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"5032_CR1","first-page":"4027","volume":"6","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Jiang Y, Shang Z, Zhao B, Jiao M, Liu W, Cheng M, Zhai B, Guo Y, Liu B, et al. Biodegradable metals for bone defect repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on animal studies. Bioact Mater. 2021;6(11):4027\u201352.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Q, Mu M, Yu W, Fan R, Chen H, Han B, Guo G. Engineering polyphenol-based osteogenic system for bone and cartilage repair: Transplantation, tissue engineering, and organoid. J Adv Res 2025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.06.067"},{"key":"5032_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang S, Wu Y, Zhao H, Song K, Liu Y, Mao J, Li Q. Advancements in bone organoids: perspectives on construction methodologies and application strategies. J Adv Res 2025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.06.011"},{"issue":"34","key":"5032_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2308875","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202308875","volume":"36","author":"C Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li C, Zhang W, Nie Y, Du X, Huang C, Li L, Long J, Wang X, Tong W, Qin L, et al. Time-sequential and multi-functional 3D printed MgO2\/PLGA scaffold developed as a novel biodegradable and bioactive bone substitute for challenging postsurgical osteosarcoma treatment. Adv Mater. 2024;36(34):e2308875.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR5","first-page":"456","volume":"39","author":"X He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He X, Li Y, Zou D, Zu H, Li W, Zheng Y. An overview of magnesium-based implants in orthopaedics and a prospect of its application in spine fusion. Bioact Mater. 2024;39:456\u201378.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122237","volume":"301","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, He P, Yao J, Li M, Wang B, Han L, Huang Z, Guo C, Bai J, Xue F, et al. pH\/NIR-responsive and self-healing coatings with bacteria killing, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis performances on magnesium alloy. Biomaterials. 2023;301:122237.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03222-3","volume":"23","author":"J Ye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye J, Miao B, Xiong Y, Guan Y, Lu Y, Jia Z, Wu Y, Sun X, Guan C, He R, et al. 3D printed porous magnesium metal scaffolds with bioactive coating for bone defect repair: enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23(1):160.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"18","key":"5032_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300658","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300658","volume":"10","author":"D Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li D, Dai D, Xiong G, Lan S, Zhang C. Composite nanocoatings of biomedical magnesium alloy implants: advantages, mechanisms, and design strategies. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(18):e2300658.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"5032_CR9","first-page":"14","volume":"33","author":"L Qi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qi L, Fang X, Yan J, Pan C, Ge W, Wang J, Shen SG, Lin K, Zhang L. Magnesium-containing bioceramics stimulate exosomal miR-196a-5p secretion to promote senescent osteogenesis through targeting Hoxa7\/MAPK signaling axis. Bioact Mater. 2023;33:14\u201329.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR10","first-page":"116","volume":"18","author":"S Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin S, Yin S, Shi J, Yang G, Wen X, Zhang W, Zhou M, Jiang X. Orchestration of energy metabolism and osteogenesis by Mg2\u2009+\u2009facilitates low-dose BMP-2-driven regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2022;18:116\u201327.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12533","volume":"94","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Ni Y, Wei H, Duan Y, Chen J, Xiao Q, Gao J, Yu Y, Cui Y, Ouyang S, et al. Ion incorporation into bone grafting materials. Periodontol 2000. 2023;94(1):213\u201330.","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"5032_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rbaf068","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaf068","volume":"12","author":"Y Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Jiao J, Wang Y, Jiang W, Yu T, Liu H, Guan L, Li M, et al. Strategic incorporation of metal ions in bone regenerative scaffolds: multifunctional platforms for advancing osteogenesis. Regen Biomater. 2025;12:rbaf068.","journal-title":"Regen Biomater"},{"issue":"8","key":"5032_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.06.004","volume":"45","author":"Q Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Q, Cil O. Magnesium for disease treatment and prevention: emerging mechanisms and opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2024;45(8):708\u201322.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"5032_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0122","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0122","volume":"28","author":"E M\u00fcller","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00fcller E, Schoberwalter T, Mader K, Seitz J-M, Kopp A, Baranowsky A, Keller J. The biological effects of magnesium-based implants on the skeleton and their clinical implications in orthopedic trauma surgery. Biomater Res. 2024;28:0122.","journal-title":"Biomater Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23005-2","volume":"12","author":"W Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao W, Wong KHM, Shen J, Wang W, Wu J, Li J, Lin Z, Chen Z, Matinlinna JP, Zheng Y, et al. TRPM7 kinase-mediated immunomodulation in macrophage plays a central role in magnesium ion-induced bone regeneration. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):2885.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5032_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120984","volume":"275","author":"L Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye L, Xu J, Mi J, He X, Pan Q, Zheng L, Zu H, Chen Z, Dai B, Li X, et al. Biodegradable magnesium combined with distraction osteogenesis synergistically stimulates bone tissue regeneration via CGRP-FAK-VEGF signaling axis. Biomaterials. 2021;275:120984.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5032_CR17","first-page":"363","volume":"45","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim J, Gilbert JL, Lv WW, Du P, Pan H. Reduction reactions dominate the interactions between Mg alloys and cells: understanding the mechanisms. Bioact Mater. 2024;45:363\u201387.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"10","key":"5032_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadk6084","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk6084","volume":"10","author":"L Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng L, Zhao S, Li Y, Xu J, Yan W, Guo B, Xu J, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Wei H, et al. Engineered MgO nanoparticles for cartilage-bone synergistic therapy. Sci Adv. 2024;10(10):eadk6084.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01608-z","volume":"8","author":"V Panwar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panwar V, Singh A, Bhatt M, Tonk RK, Azizov S, Raza AS, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Garg M. Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):375.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5032_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156400","volume":"138","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Gong Y, Wang Y, Sang W, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu P, Liu M, Sun H. \u03b2-Sitosterol modulates osteogenic and adipogenic balance in BMSCs to suppress osteoporosis via regulating mTOR-IMP1-Adipoq axis. Phytomedicine. 2025;138:156400.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5032_CR21","first-page":"429","volume":"27","author":"JA Kubi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kubi JA, Brah AS, Cheung KMC, Lee YL, Lee K-F, Sze SCW, Qiao W. Yeung KW-K: a new osteogenic protein isolated from Dioscorea opposita Thunb accelerates bone defect healing through the mTOR signaling axis. Bioact Mater. 2023;27:429\u201346.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR22","first-page":"54","volume":"57","author":"W Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng W, Tian S, Huo J, Zhang Q, Wang D, Liu Z, Zhao B, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Mechanically adaptive Mg-Ti composites guided by single-cell insights accelerate load-bearing bone regeneration via dual modulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Bioact Mater. 2025;57:54\u201372.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"5032_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2403837","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202403837","volume":"14","author":"T Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu T, Ren M, Li Y, Yang Q, Xiang K, Liu F, Yang S. Bioelectrically reprogramming hydrogels rejuvenate vascularized bone regeneration in senescence. Adv Healthc Mater. 2025;14(6):e2403837.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123493","volume":"324","author":"Z Pei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pei Z, Xu H, Guo M, Xu W, Wen Y, Sun F, Zhang T, Peng B, Zhao P, Huang L, et al. A soft-hard hybrid scaffold for osteochondral regeneration through integration of composite hydrogel and biodegradable magnesium. Biomaterials. 2025;324:123493.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5032_CR25","first-page":"333","volume":"51","author":"S Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li S, Man Z, Zuo K, Zhang L, Zhang T, Xiao G, Lu Y, Li W, Li N. Advancement in smart bone implants: the latest multifunctional strategies and synergistic mechanisms for tissue repair and regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2025;51:333\u201382.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123423","volume":"324","author":"Q Yang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yang Q, Liu S, Liu H, Liu Y, He Z, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Luo E. A new paradigm in bone tissue biomaterials: enhanced osteogenesis-angiogenic coupling by targeting H-type blood vessels. Biomaterials. 2026;324:123423.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5032_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou T, Cavalcante C, Ge R, Franceschi C, Ma RT. PX: Synthetic helical peptides on nanofibers to activate cell-surface receptors and synergistically enhance critical-sized bone defect regeneration. Bioact Mater 2025, 43.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.08.017"},{"issue":"24","key":"5032_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22141","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03023","volume":"19","author":"X Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun X, Xu X, Zhao X, Ma J, Wang T, Yue X, Sun X, Li X, Sun X, Zhang W, et al. Three-dimensional bioprinted scaffolds loaded with multifunctional magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks improve the senescence microenvironment prompting aged bone defect repair. ACS Nano. 2025;19(24):22141\u201362.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"5032_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122992","volume":"318","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhu J, Ge N, Liu Y, Yan Z, Liu G, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu G, Qiu T, et al. A biodegradable magnesium alloy promotes subperiosteal osteogenesis via interleukin-10-dependent macrophage immunomodulation. Biomaterials. 2025;318:122992.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5032_CR30","first-page":"241","volume":"42","author":"G Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li G, Gao F, Yang D, Lin L, Yu W, Tang J, Yang R, Jin M, Gu Y, Wang P, et al. ECM-mimicking composite hydrogel for accelerated vascularized bone regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2024;42:241\u201356.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR31","first-page":"277","volume":"56","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu J, Liu F, Li C, Li Z, Li T, Wu Y, Wu D, Huang Y, Chen H, Wang H, et al. 3D-printed magnetic scaffolds promote bone and vessel regeneration through CRYAB\/PI3K-AKT and NF-\u03baB pathways identified by proteomics. Bioact Mater. 2025;56:277\u201393.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"8","key":"5032_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2414278","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414278","volume":"12","author":"Q Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui Q, Zheng X, Bai Y, Guo Y, Liu S, Lu Y, Liu L, Song J, Liu Y, Heng BC, et al. Manipulation of surface potential distribution enhances osteogenesis by promoting pro-angiogenic macrophage polarization via activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024;12(8):e2414278.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"5032_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.06.019","volume":"85","author":"L Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;85:69\u201394.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"5032_CR34","first-page":"459","volume":"53","author":"J Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei J, Wang K, Li Y, Huang J, Deng P, Xia X, Yang C, Xu L, Xu J. Metformin carbon dots-based osteogenic and protein delivery system to promote bone regeneration in periodontitis. Bioact Mater. 2025;53:459\u201379.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01820-z","volume":"22","author":"A Marques-Ramos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marques-Ramos A, Cervantes R. Expression of mTOR in normal and pathological conditions. Mol Cancer. 2023;22(1):112.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"5032_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01508-y","volume":"57","author":"J Yong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yong J, Kim H, Lee E, Jung Y. Regulation of transcriptome plasticity by mTOR signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med. 2025;57(8):1623\u201330.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"5032_CR37","first-page":"432","volume":"47","author":"Y Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo Y, Liu B, Qiu Y, Li L, Yang F, Zhang C, Wang J. Divalent metal ions enhance bone regeneration through modulation of nervous systems and metabolic pathways. Bioact Mater. 2025;47:432\u201347.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"5032_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia K, Cheng B, Huang L, Xu J, Liu F, Liao X, Liao K, Lu H. Activation of prep expression by Tet2 promotes the proliferation of bipotential progenitor cells during liver regeneration. Development 2025, 152(5).","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.204339"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.1.66","volume":"66","author":"Q Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Q, Xia L-X, Yi W-Z, Wu Y-N, Gu S-S, Chen J-Y, Liu T-T, Lu Y-H, Cui Y-H, Meng J, et al. Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by BEZ235: targeting the Akt\/4EBP1\/Cyclin D1 Pathway in endothelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66(1):66.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"5032_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102483","volume":"35","author":"Q Lan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lan Q, Fan M, Zhang F, Gong Q, Zhong J, Yi M, Zeng Q, Chen J, Pan Y, Geng N, et al. ATG7-driven mitophagy in BMSC@CS hydrogel reprograms metabolism to boost bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio. 2025;35:102483.","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"5032_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu L, Yin Z, Huang R, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zheng X, Song S, Wang Z, He X, Bai Y et al. Activin A enhances neurofunctional recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury by inhibiting autophagy. Neural Regen Res 2025.","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01021"},{"key":"5032_CR42","unstructured":"Wang J, Yu M, Liu H, Sun K, Geng C, Liu H, Feng H, Liu Y, Zhao H, Han D. Kdf1 Regulates Molar Cusp Morphogenesis via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR Signalling Axis. Cell Prolif 2025:e70108."},{"issue":"6","key":"5032_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01492-z","volume":"46","author":"X-Y Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi X-Y, He Y-X, Ge M-Y, Liu P, Zheng P, Li Z-H. Gastrodin promotes CNS myelinogenesis and alleviates demyelinating injury by activating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025;46(6):1610\u201323.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"5032_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157095","volume":"146","author":"A Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li A, Niu Y, Xu W, Liang B, Zhang R, Mei R, Zhang X, Zhang T, Gao Y, Yan Y. Sophora Flos extract ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease via inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway activation and modulating M1\/M2 polarization in macrophages. Phytomedicine. 2025;146:157095.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR45","first-page":"100988","volume":"20","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Qiu Z, Hu X, Wang T, Li G, Tang Z, Fang C, Sheng W, Zhao J, Yu F, et al. Biofunctional supramolecular injectable hydrogel with spongy-like metal-organic coordination for effective repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2024;20(1):100988.","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"5032_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122714","volume":"312","author":"X Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu X, Mi B, Xiong Y, Wang R, Liu T, Hu L, Yan C, Zeng R, Lin J, Fu H, et al. Bioactive nanocomposite hydrogel enhances postoperative immunotherapy and bone reconstruction for osteosarcoma treatment. Biomaterials. 2024;312:122714.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"19","key":"5032_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2500274","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500274","volume":"14","author":"L Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang X, Wu J, Chen J, He Z, Wang J, Zhang X. Magnesium ions induce endothelial cell differentiation into tip cell and enhance vascularized bone regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater. 2025;14(19):e2500274.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"5032_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141672","volume":"306","author":"G Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li G, Wang Y, Pang Y, Wang X, Li X, Leng H, Yu Y, Yang X, Cai Q. Magnesium-gallate MOF integrated conductive cryogel for inflammation regulation and boosting bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;306(Pt 4):141672.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5032_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3894926","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3894926","volume":"2020","author":"H Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi H, Liu Y, Wu L, Ni S, Sun J, Xue J, Liu Q, Ni X, Fan W. MicroRNA-16, via FGF2 regulation of the ERK\/MAPK pathway, is involved in the magnesium-promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:3894926.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"12","key":"5032_CR50","first-page":"4346","volume":"102","author":"RW Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li RW, Kirkland NT, Truong J, Wang J, Smith PN, Birbilis N, Nisbet DR. The influence of biodegradable magnesium alloys on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014;102(12):4346\u201357.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"5032_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarhan MH, Felemban SG, Alelwani W, Sharaf HM, Abd El-Latif YA, Elgazzar E, Kandil AM, Tellez-Isaias G, Mohamed AA. Zinc oxide and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles ameliorate murine chronic toxoplasmosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024, 17(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17010113"},{"issue":"15","key":"5032_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00348A","volume":"12","author":"C Pu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pu C, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Li L, Xiang H, Sun Q, Yong Y, Yang H, Jiang K. Nano-enzyme functionalized hydrogels promote diabetic wound healing through immune microenvironment modulation. Biomater Sci. 2024;12(15):3851\u201365.","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2025","volume":"106","author":"LD Rash","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rash LD, Kellenberger S. Acid-sensing ion channels: structure, function, pharmacology, and clinical significance. Physiol Rev. 2025;106(1):281\u2013362.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5032_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao X, Wu T, Dong X, Wang Q, Liu H, Zhang Y. pH-responsive psoralen delivery system for infected bone defects: spatiotemporal photothermal disinfection coupled with osteogenesis and osteoclast regulation. Small 2026:e12756.","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202512756"},{"issue":"1","key":"5032_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02493-4","volume":"10","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, Xiao X, Pan Z, Dokudovskaya S. mTOR signaling networks: mechanistic insights and translational frontiers in disease therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10(1):428.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13287-026-05032-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-026-05032-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13287-026-05032-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T03:23:52Z","timestamp":1780284232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13287-026-05032-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-026-05032-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-6512"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-6512","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of China Huatongwei Testing Co., Ltd. (Approval Number: QRB266-08). The approval date was July 4, 2025. The project title was \u201cThe Messenger Ion: Magnesium ion Coordinates Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-Mediated Osteogenesis, Migration, and Angiogenesis via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway\u201d.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"205"}}