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We focused on brain regions functionally linked to multisite pain (i.e., bilateral sensorimotor, cingulate, fronto-insular and inferior parietal cortex). We also explored the moderating role of pubertal status (assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings revealed distinct brain structure-pain associations in male and female youth. Male youth exhibited an inverse linear relation between cortical thickness of the left pre- and postcentral gyri and number of pain sites. Female youth exhibited a non-linear relation between surface area of the right supramarginal gyrus and number of pain sites. Pubertal status moderated the cingulate cortical thickness-pain association in males; those in early puberty had an inverse relation between anterior and mid cingulate cortex thickness and pain sites, whereas this relation was positive in those beyond mid-puberty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides valuable insights into the sex-dependent neural organization linked to adolescent pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-026-00898-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:06:19Z","timestamp":1775455579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cortical thickness, surface area, and multisite pain: distinct patterns by sex in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Hidalgo-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Portengen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tristin","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schrepf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Harte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriene M.","family":"Beltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea M.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"898_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003267","volume":"165","author":"CT Chambers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chambers CT, et al. 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