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While sex differences are reported in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and clinically-defined frontotemporal dementia (FTD), little is known in 4R-tauopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      National Alzheimer\u2019s Coordinating Center data were used for pathologically-defined 4R-tauopathies: progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009175), corticobasal degeneration (CBD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009114), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009230), Other-4R (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200967). Sex differences for clinical presentation and co-pathologies were assessed adjusting for age and multiple comparisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most common clinical diagnosis was PSP (41%) for PSP; unspecified FTD (36%) for CBD; AD for AGD (57%) and Other-4R groups (48%), without sex differences. Females had less cognitive decline, apathy, motor symptoms; were older at cognitive, behavioral change onset. Males were more likely to demonstrate LBD co-pathology and clinical profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both females and males have low clinical diagnostic accuracy for 4R-tauopathies. Females with 4R-tauopathies may experience less severe clinical presentations and less co-pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-026-00899-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T03:45:07Z","timestamp":1775187907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex differences for clinical presentations and co-pathologies in four-repeat tauopathies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ece","family":"Bayram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danelle J.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha K.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"899_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802395-2.00025-0","volume":"145","author":"GG Kovacs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kovacs GG. 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