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While sex chromosomes and hormones contribute to sex differences in brain biology, previous studies suggest a role for autosomal genetic variation as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated autosomal genetic associations with brain volumes in 15,740 females and 15,740 males from the UK Biobank, matched for age and scan site, using sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses. We applied a multivariate genome-wide approach (MOSTest) across 257 brain regions and complemented these analyses with region-specific univariate genome-wide association studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were highly similar between females and males in late adulthood, indicating largely shared genetic influences on brain volumes. Many loci reaching genome-wide significance in one sex also showed signal in the other. Gene mapping in these loci yielded a greater total number of brain-volumes associated genes in females than in males. Variability in the number of mapped genes was particularly pronounced in limbic regions such as the insula, cingulate cortex, hippocampus and amygdala.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of autosomal genetic influences on brain volumes in males and females and may inform future studies examining sex variability in neurobiological mechanisms relevant to brain disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-026-00943-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:03:44Z","timestamp":1784005424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-stratified insights into the genetics of brain volumes in late adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9dith","family":"Breton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elleke","family":"Tissink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Matte","family":"Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole A.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895","volume":"896","author":"A Franceschini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franceschini A, Fattore L. 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