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Previous reports have highlighted that neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) deteriorate in skeletal muscle from DM1 patients and mouse models thereof. However, the underlying pathomechanisms and their contribution to muscle dysfunction remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We compared changes in NMJs and activity-dependent signalling pathways in <jats:italic>HSA<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>LR<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> and <jats:italic>Mbnl1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u0394E3\/\u0394E3<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mice, two established mouse models of DM1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Muscle from DM1 mouse models showed major deregulation of calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKIIs), which are key activity sensors regulating synaptic gene expression and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) recycling at the NMJ. Both mouse models exhibited increased fragmentation of the endplate, which preceded muscle degeneration. Endplate fragmentation was not accompanied by changes in AChR turnover at the NMJ. However, the expression of synaptic genes was up-regulated in mutant innervated muscle, together with an abnormal accumulation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a known target of CaMKII. Interestingly, denervation-induced increase in synaptic gene expression and AChR turnover was hampered in DM1 muscle. Importantly, CaMKII\u03b2\/\u03b2M overexpression normalized endplate fragmentation and synaptic gene expression in innervated <jats:italic>Mbnl1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u0394E3\/\u0394E3<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> muscle, but it did not restore denervation-induced synaptic gene up-regulation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results indicate that CaMKII\u03b2-dependent and -independent mechanisms perturb synaptic gene regulation and muscle response to denervation in DM1 mouse models. Changes in these signalling pathways may contribute to NMJ destabilization and muscle dysfunction in DM1 patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-024-00345-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1716256904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["CaMKII\u03b2 deregulation contributes to neuromuscular junction destabilization in Myotonic Dystrophy type I"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Denis","family":"Falcetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Quirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cocchiararo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Chabry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Th\u00e9odore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Stiefvater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Tintignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ivanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Kinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"R\u00fcegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sinnreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"Castets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl132","volume":"15","author":"X Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin X, Miller JW, Mankodi A, Kanadia RN, Yuan Y, Moxley RT, et al. 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