{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:00:56Z","timestamp":1790078456333,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma GmbH Austria"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Econ Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hormone receptor (HR)\u2013positive and HER2 receptor\u2013negative breast cancer accounts for two thirds of all breast cancers. In case of distant recurrences, a non-curative strategy is usually implied. Hence, treatment options for early stage breast cancer to prevent metastatic recurrences are desirable. The aim of our study was to estimate the societal effect of reducing breast cancer recurrences by treating Austrian patients with stage II and III HR\u2009+\u2009\/HER2\u2009\u2212\u2009breast cancer with CDK 4\/6 inhibitors as an adjuvant treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed a 7-state Markov model with a time horizon of 30\u00a0years from a societal perspective and compared the follow-up direct and indirect costs between patients who were treated\n                      <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>without<\/jats:italic>\n                      a CDK4\/6 inhibitor in the early stage. We distinguished between anatomic stage II\/III and nodal status negative\/positive subcohorts of patients. We used transition probabilities derived from the clinical trial NATALEE. Based on local registry data, we derived the Austrian female target population and matched it with the target patients of NATALEE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 1,340 Austrian target patients diagnosed in 2022. In the anatomical stage II and stage III subcohorts, approx. 735 and 236 metastatic cancer years could be saved over 30\u00a0years, respectively. We estimated that, thereby, societal costs of about \u20ac52 million (discount rate\u2009=\u20093%) associated with cancer recurrences could be saved in the 30-year follow-up. Almost 75% of cost savings resulted from reductions in health care costs and about 25% from productivity gains (incl. unpaid work).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treating stage II and III HR\u2009+\u2009HER2\u2009\u2212\u2009breast cancer patients with CDK4\/6 inhibitors in Austria reduces metastatic breast cancer recurrences, resulting in considerable medical benefits and economic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-026-00809-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:14:29Z","timestamp":1782472469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reducing breast cancer recurrences with CDK4\/6 inhibitor treatment of HR-positive, HER2-negative early stage breast cancer from a societal perspective"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9063-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Reitzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3381-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Czypionka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Rinnerthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elmadani M, Mokaya PO, Omer AAA, Kiptulon EK, Klara S, Orsolya M. 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GR declares following conflicts of interest: Employment: none; Leadership: none; Stock and Other Ownership Interests: none; Honoraria: AstraZeneca, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Seagen, Stemline; Consulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Stemline; Speakers' Bureau: none; Research Funding (Institution): AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Stemline; Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: none; Expert Testimony: none; Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Roche, Servier; Other Relationship: none.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"103"}}