{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T17:06:30Z","timestamp":1794330390992,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011104","name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0391-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T17:05:30Z","timestamp":1477674330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Pileri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enric","family":"Mateu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"391_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.385","volume":"227","author":"EJ Neumann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Neumann EJ, Kliebenstein JB, Johnson CD, Mabry JW, Bush EJ, Seitzinger AH, Green AL, Zimmerman JJ (2005) Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:385\u2013392","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"391_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/754","volume":"21","author":"DJ Holtkamp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holtkamp DJ, Kliebenstein JB, Neumann EJ, Zimmerman JJ, Rotto HF, Yoder TK, Wang C, Yeske PE, Mowrer CL, Haley CA (2013) Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on United States pork producers. J Swine Health Prod 21:72\u201384","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"391_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100101","volume":"170","author":"N Nieuwenhuis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuis N, Duinhof TF, van Nes A (2012) Economic analysis of outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in nine sow herds. Vet Rec 170:225","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400202","volume":"4","author":"DA Benfield","year":"1992","unstructured":"Benfield DA, Nelson E, Collins JE, Harris L, Goyal SM, Robison D, Christianson WT, Morrison RB, Gorcyca D, Chladek D (1992) Characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332). J Vet Diagn Invest 4:127\u2013133","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(94)90067-1","volume":"42","author":"M Bloemraad","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bloemraad M, de Kluijver EP, Petersen A, Burkhardt GE, Wensvoort G (1994) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: temperature and pH stability of Lelystad virus and its survival in tissue specimens from viraemic pigs. Vet Microbiol 42:361\u2013371","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500421","volume":"5","author":"WG Alstine Van","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van Alstine WG, Kanitz CL, Stevenson GW (1993) Time and temperature survivability of PRRS virus in serum and tissues. J Vet Diagn Invest 5:621\u2013622","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.1.70","volume":"76","author":"SJ Tousignant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tousignant SJ, Perez AM, Lowe JF, Yeske PE, Morrison RB (2015) Temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in the United States. Am J Vet Res 76:70\u201376","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.85","volume":"62","author":"J Shirai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shirai J, Kanno T, Tsuchiya Y, Mitsubayashi S, Seki R (2000) Effects of chlorine, iodine, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on several exotic disease viruses. J Vet Med Sci 62:85\u201392","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"391_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.01.014","volume":"150","author":"SA Dee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dee SA, Otake S, Deen J (2011) An evaluation of ultraviolet light (UV 254) as a means to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on common farm surfaces and materials. Vet Microbiol 150:96\u201399","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.06.012","volume":"110","author":"JR Hermann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hermann JR, Mu\u00f1oz-Zanzi CA, Roof MB, Burkhart K, Zimmerman JJ (2005) Probability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection as a function of exposure route and dose. Vet Microbiol 110:7\u201316","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR11","first-page":"629","volume":"30","author":"KJ Yoon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ, Chang CC, Cancel-Tirado S, Harmon KM, McGinley MJ (1999) Effect of challenge dose and route on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in young swine. Vet Res 30:629\u2013638","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.03.003","volume":"151","author":"TD Cutler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cutler TD, Wang C, Hoff SJ, Kittawornrat A, Zimmerman JJ (2011) Median infectious dose (ID50) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate MN-184 via aerosol exposure. Vet Microbiol 151:229\u2013237","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.07.002","volume":"133","author":"JR Hermann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hermann JR, Mu\u00f1oz-Zanzi CA, Zimmerman JJ (2009) A method to provide improved dose-response estimates for airborne pathogens in animals: an example using porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 133:297\u2013302","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR14","unstructured":"Benfield D, Nelson C, Steffen M, Rowland R (2000) Transmission of PRRSV by artificial insemination using extended semen seeded with different concentrations of PRRSV. In: Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting of the American association of swine practitioners, Indianapolis, Indiana, pp 405\u2013408"},{"key":"391_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01347-8","volume":"56","author":"X Duan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Duan X, Nauwynck HJ, Pensaert MB (1997) Virus quantification and identification of cellular targets in the lungs and lymphoid tissues of pigs at different time intervals after inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Vet Microbiol 56:9\u201319","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.26.804","volume":"150","author":"S Otake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Otake S, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Joo HS, Deen J, Molitor TW, Pijoan C (2002) Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by needles. Vet Rec 150:114\u2013115","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/718","volume":"20","author":"SR Baker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baker SR, Mondaca E, Polson D, Dee SA (2012) Evaluation of a needle-free injection device to prevent hematogenous transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Swine Health Prod 20:123\u2013128","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"391_CR18","first-page":"261","volume":"65","author":"MD Bierk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bierk MD, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Otake S, Collins JE, Molitor TW (2001) Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from persistently infected sows to contact controls. Can J Vet Res 65:261\u2013266","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200404","volume":"32","author":"KD Rossow","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rossow KD, Collins JE, Goyal SM, Nelson EA, Christopher-Hennings J, Benfield DA (1995) Pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in gnotobiotic pigs. Vet Pathol 32:361\u2013373","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"391_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.3.489","volume":"67","author":"JG Cho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cho JG, Dee SA, Deen J, Guedes A, Trincado C, Fano E, Jiang Y, Faaberg K, Collins JE, Murtaugh MP, Joo HS (2006) Evaluation of the effects of animal age, concurrent bacterial infection, and pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on virus concentration in pigs. Am J Vet Res 67:489\u2013493","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-177","volume":"6","author":"KL Klinge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klinge KL, Vaughn EM, Roof MB, Bautista EM, Murtaugh MP (2009) Age-dependent resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in swine. Virol J 6:177","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"391_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00822-8","volume":"21","author":"IFA Linden Van Der","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Der Linden IFA, Voermans JJM, Van Der Linde-Bril EM, Bianchi ATJ, Steverink PJGM (2003) Virological kinetics and immunological responses to a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection of pigs at different ages. Vaccine 21:1952\u20131957","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-30","volume":"43","author":"I D\u00edaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"D\u00edaz I, Gimeno M, Darwich L, Navarro N, Kuzemtseva L, L\u00f3pez S, Galindo I, Segal\u00e9s J, Mart\u00edn M, Pujols J, Mateu E (2012) Characterization of homologous and heterologous adaptive immune responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res 43:30","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10834","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10834-10837.2000","volume":"74","author":"R Allende","year":"2000","unstructured":"Allende R, Laegreid WW, Kutish GF, Galeota JA, Wills RW, Osorio FA (2000) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: description of persistence in individual pigs upon experimental infection. J Virol 74:10834\u201310837","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"391_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00013-5","volume":"86","author":"DC Horter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Horter DC, Pogranichniy RM, Chang C-C, Evans RB, Yoon K-J, Zimmerman JJ (2002) Characterization of the carrier state in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Microbiol 86:213\u2013228","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.58-62.2003","volume":"41","author":"RW Wills","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wills RW, Doster AR, Galeota JA, Sur J, Osorio FA (2003) Duration of infection and proportion of pigs persistently infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Clin Microbiol 41:58\u201362","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.06.015","volume":"78","author":"UU Karniychuk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karniychuk UU, Saha D, Vanhee M, Geldhof M, Cornillie P, Caij AB, De Regge N, Nauwynck HJ (2012) Impact of a novel inactivated PRRS virus vaccine on virus replication and virus-induced pathology in fetal implantation sites and foetuses upon challenge. Theriogenol 78:1527\u20131537","journal-title":"Theriogenol"},{"key":"391_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1089\/088282403322396181","volume":"16","author":"L Lamontagne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lamontagne L, Pag\u00e9 C, Larochelle R, Magar R (2003) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus persistence in blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils of experimentally infected pigs depends on the level of CD8high T cells. Viral Immunol 16:395\u2013406","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"391_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(97)00086-5","volume":"51","author":"SR Lawson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lawson SR, Rossow KD, Collins JE, Benfield DA, Rowland RRR (1997) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection of gnotobiotic pigs: sites of virus replication and co-localization with MAC-387 staining at 21\u00a0days post-infection. Virus Res 51:105\u2013113","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"391_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.9.2280-2286.1996","volume":"34","author":"JH Sur","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sur JH, Cooper VL, Galeota JA, Hesse RA, Doster AR, Osorio FA (1996) In vivo detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA by in situ hybridization at different times postinfection. J Clin Microbiol 34:2280\u20132286","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589603300205","volume":"33","author":"PG Halbur","year":"1996","unstructured":"Halbur PG, Paul PS, Frey ML, Landgraf J, Eernisse K, Meng XJ, Andrews JJ, Lum MA, Rathje JA (1996) Comparison of the antigen distribution of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus. Vet Pathol 33:159\u2013170","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"391_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2000.00305.x","volume":"47","author":"J Beyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beyer J, Fichtner D, Schirrmeier H, Polster U, Weiland E, Wege H (2000) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): kinetics of infection in lymphatic organs and lung. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 47:9\u201325","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"391_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01337-5","volume":"55","author":"RW Wills","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wills RW, Zimmerman JJ, Yoon K-J, Swenson SL, McGinley MJ, Hill HT, Swenson SL, McGinley MJ, Hill HT, Platt KB, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson EA (1997) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: a persistent infection. Vet Microbiol 55:231\u2013240","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2000007","volume":"31","author":"DA Benfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benfield DA, Nelson J, Rossow K, Nelson C, Steffen M, Rowland RR (2000) Diagnosis of persistent or prolonged porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Vet Res 31:71","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.006","volume":"96","author":"RRR Rowland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rowland RRR, Lawson S, Rossow KD, Benfield DA (2003) Lymphoid tissue tropism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication during persistent infection of pigs originally exposed to virus in utero. Vet Microbiol 96:219\u2013235","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/342","volume":"10","author":"RW Wills","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wills RW, Doster AR, Osorio FA (2002) Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to age-matched sentinel pigs. J Swine Health Prod 10:161\u2013165","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"391_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-69","volume":"43","author":"C Charpin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Charpin C, Mah\u00e9 S, Keranflec\u2019h A, Belloc C, Cariolet R, Le Potier MF, Rose N (2012) Infectiousness of pigs infected by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is time-dependent. Vet Res 43:69","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.22.567","volume":"134","author":"E Albina","year":"1994","unstructured":"Albina E, Madec F, Cariolet R, Torrison J (1994) Immune response and persistence of the reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected pigs and farm units. Vet Rec 134:567\u2013573","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR39","first-page":"262","volume":"57","author":"WT Christianson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Christianson WT, Choi CS, Collins JE, Molitor TW, Morrison RB, Joo HS (1993) Pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in mid-gestation sows and fetuses. Can J Vet Res 57:262\u2013268","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700406","volume":"7","author":"J Christopher-Hennings","year":"1995","unstructured":"Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson EA, Hines RJ, Nelson JK, Swenson SL, Zimmerman JJ, Chase CL, Yaeger MJ, Benfield DA (1995) Persistence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in serum and semen of adult boars. J Vet Diagn Invest 7:456\u2013464","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.7.1730-1734.1995","volume":"33","author":"J Christopher-Hennings","year":"1995","unstructured":"Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson EA, Nelson JK, Hines RJ, Swenson SL, Hill HT, Zimmerman JJ, Katz JB, Yaeger MJ, Chase CCL, Benfield DA (1995) Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in boar semen by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 33:1730\u20131734","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300207","volume":"13","author":"J Christopher-Hennings","year":"2001","unstructured":"Christopher-Hennings J, Holler LD, Benfield DA, Nelson EA (2001) Detection and duration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and tissues from Yorkshire, Hampshire, and Landrace boars. J Vet Diagn Invest 13:133\u2013142","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2009.08.008","volume":"88","author":"I Kang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kang I, Ha Y, Kim D, Oh Y, Cho KD, Lee BH, Lim J, Kim SH, Kwon B, Chae C (2010) Localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in mammary glands of experimentally infected sows. Res Vet Sci 88:304\u2013306","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"391_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.07.025","volume":"154","author":"A Kittawornrat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kittawornrat A, Prickett J, Chittick W, Wang C, Engle M, Johnson J, Patnayak D, Schwartz T, Whitney D, Olsen C, Schwartz K, Zimmerman JJ (2010) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in serum and oral fluid samples from individual boars: will oral fluid replace serum for PRRSV surveillance? Virus Res 154:170\u2013176","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"391_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01272-2","volume":"54","author":"TL Nielsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nielsen TL, Nielsen J, Have P, B\u00e6kbo P, Hoff-J\u00f8rgensen R, B\u00f8tner A (1997) Examination of virus shedding in semen from vaccinated and from previously infected boars after experimental challenge with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 54:101\u2013112","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000203","volume":"20","author":"J Prickett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prickett J, Simer R, Christopher-Hennings J, Yoon K-J, Evans RB, Zimmerman JJ (2008) Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in porcine oral fluid samples: a longitudinal study under experimental conditions. J Vet Diagn Invest 20:156\u2013163","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600102","volume":"6","author":"KD Rossow","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rossow KD, Bautista EM, Goyal SM, Molitor TW, Murtaugh MP, Morrison RB, Benfield DA, Collins JE (1994) Experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in 1-, 4-, and 10-week-old pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest 6:3\u201312","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.12.1943","volume":"204","author":"SL Swenson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Swenson SL, Hill HT, Zimmerman JJ, Evans LE, Landgraf JG, Wills RW, Sanderson TP, McGinley MJ, Brevik AK, Ciszewski DK (1994) Excretion of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen after experimentally induced infection in boars. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1943\u20131948","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"391_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1876","volume":"62","author":"EA Wagstrom","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wagstrom EA, Chang C, Yoon K, Zimmerman JJ (2001) Shedding of porcine reproductive in mammary gland secretions of sows. Am J Vet Res 62:1876\u20131880","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00079-5","volume":"57","author":"RW Wills","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wills RW, Zimmerman JJ, Yoon KJ, Swenson SL, Hoffman LJ, McGinley MJ, Hill HT, Platt KB (1997) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: routes of excretion. Vet Microbiol 57:69\u201381","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR51","first-page":"5","volume":"1","author":"IJ Yoon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yoon IJ, Joo HS, Christianson WT, Morrison RB, Dial GD (1993) Persistent and contact infection in nursery pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. J Swine Health Prod 1:5\u20138","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"391_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-30","volume":"6","author":"UU Karniychuk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karniychuk UU, Geldhof M, Vanhee M, Van Doorsselaere J, Saveleva TA, Nauwynck HJ (2010) Pathogenesis and antigenic characterization of a new East European subtype 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate. BMC Vet Res 6:30","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-73","volume":"44","author":"IS Frydas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frydas IS, Verbeeck M, Cao J, Nauwynck HJ (2013) Replication characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) European subtype 1 (Lelystad) and subtype 3 (Lena) strains in nasal mucosa and cells of the monocytic lineage: indications for the use of new receptors of PRRSV. Vet Res 44:73","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0166-3","volume":"46","author":"IS Frydas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frydas IS, Trus I, Kvisgaard LK, Bonckaert C, Reddy VR, Li Y, Larsen LE, Nauwynck HJ (2015) Different clinical, virological, serological and tissue tropism outcomes of two new and one old Belgian type 1 subtype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) isolates. Vet Res 46:37","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR55","first-page":"297","volume":"70","author":"JG Cho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cho JG, Dee SA, Deen J, Trincado C, Fano E, Jiang Y, Faaberg K, Murtaugh MP, Guedes A, Collins JE, Joo HS (2006) The impact of animal age, bacterial coinfection, and isolate pathogenicity on the shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in aerosols from experimentally infected pigs. Can J Vet Res 70:297\u2013301","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00245-4","volume":"63","author":"R Thanawongnuwech","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thanawongnuwech R, Thacker EL, Halbur PG (1998) Influence of pig age on virus titer and bactericidal activity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infected pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs). Vet Microbiol 63:177\u2013187","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00517-09","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu Y, Shi W, Zhou E, Wang S, Hu S, Cai X, Rong F, Wu J, Xu M, Xu M, Li L (2010) Dynamic changes in inflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17:1439\u20131445","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"391_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.11.016","volume":"182","author":"IS Frydas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frydas IS, Nauwynck HJ (2016) Replication characteristics of eight virulent and two attenuated genotype 1 and 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains in nasal mucosa explants. Vet Microbiol 182:156\u2013162","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.03.046","volume":"351","author":"I D\u00edaz","year":"2006","unstructured":"D\u00edaz I, Darwich L, Pappaterra G, Pujols J, Mateu E (2006) Different European-type vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus have different immunological properties and confer different protection to pigs. Virology 351:249\u2013259","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"391_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00304-06","volume":"14","author":"OJ Lopez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lopez OJ, Oliveira MF, Garcia EA, Kwon BJ, Doster A, Osorio FA (2007) Protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection through passive transfer of PRRSV-neutralizing antibodies is dose dependent. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14:269\u2013275","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"391_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1707","volume":"226","author":"JE Lowe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lowe JE, Husmann R, Firkins LD, Zuckermann FA, Goldberg TL (2005) Correlation of cell-mediated immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with protection against reproductive failure in sows during outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in commercial herds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1707\u20131711","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"391_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1612","volume":"302","author":"FA Osorio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Osorio FA, Galeota JA, Nelson E, Brodersen B, Doster A, Wills R, Zuckermann F, Laegreid WW (2002) Passive transfer of virus-specific antibodies confers protection against reproductive failure induced by a virulent strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and establishes sterilizing immunity. Virology 302:9\u201320","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"391_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-5-1327","volume":"81","author":"GG Labarque","year":"2000","unstructured":"Labarque GG, Nauwynck HJ, Van Reeth K, Pensaert MB (2000) Effect of cellular changes and onset of humoral immunity on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs. J Gen Virol 81:1327\u20131334","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"391_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.07.003","volume":"167","author":"CL Loving","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loving CL, Osorio FA, Murtaugh MP, Zuckermann FA (2015) Innate and adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 167:1\u201314","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"391_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.05.022","volume":"177","author":"E Mateu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mateu E, Diaz I (2008) The challenge of PRRS immunology. Vet J 177:345\u2013351","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"391_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00009-6","volume":"309","author":"WA Meier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meier WA, Galeota J, Osorio FA, Husmann RJ, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA (2003) Gradual development of the interferon-gamma response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection or vaccination. Virology 309:18\u201331","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"391_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.013","volume":"29","author":"MP Murtaugh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murtaugh MP, Genzow M (2011) Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Vaccine 29:8192\u20138204","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.285","volume":"19","author":"PGW Plagemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Plagemann PGW (2006) Neutralizing antibody formation in swine infected with seven strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus as measured by indirect ELISA with peptides containing the GP5 neutralization epitope. Viral Immunol 19:285\u2013293","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"391_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00160-0","volume":"58","author":"KM Lager","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lager KM, Mengeling WL, Brockmeier SL (1997) Homologous challenge of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus immunity in pregnant swine. Vet Microbiol 58:113\u2013125","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.08.1022","volume":"60","author":"KM Lager","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lager KM, Mengeling WL, Brockmeier S (1999) Evaluation of protective immunity in gilts inoculated with the NADC-8 isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and challenge-exposed with an antigenically distinct PRRSV isolate. Am J Vet Res 60:1022\u20131027","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR71","first-page":"416727","volume":"2014","author":"X Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li X, Galliher-Beckley A, Pappan L, Trible B, Kerrigan M, Beck A, Hesse R, Blecha F, Nietfeld JC, Rowland RRR, Shi J (2014) Comparison of host immune responses to homologous and heterologous type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) challenge in vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. Biomed Res Int 2014:416727","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"391_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.01.021","volume":"175","author":"C Prieto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prieto C, Alvarez E, Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, Simarro I, Castro JM (2008) Similarity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains to vaccine strain is not necessarily predictive of the degree of protective immunity conferred. Vet J 175:356\u2013363","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"391_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.043","volume":"66","author":"M Scortti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scortti M, Prieto C, Simarro I, Castro JM (2006) Reproductive performance of gilts following vaccination and subsequent heterologous challenge with European strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Theriogenology 66:1884\u20131893","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"391_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(96)80071-6","volume":"152","author":"SH Done","year":"1996","unstructured":"Done SH, Paton DJ, White ME (1996) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): a review, with emphasis on pathological, virological and diagnostic aspects. Br Vet J 152:153\u2013174","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"391_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2002.9695128","volume":"24","author":"G Nodelijk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nodelijk G (2002) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) with special reference to clinical aspects and diagnosis. A review. Vet Q 24:95\u2013100","journal-title":"A review. Vet Q"},{"key":"391_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500322","volume":"5","author":"GW Stevenson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stevenson GW, Alstine WG, Van Kanitz CL, Keffaber KK (1993) Endemic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection of nursery pigs in two swine herds without current reproductive failure. J Vet Diagn Invest 5:432\u2013434","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"391_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00081-3","volume":"60","author":"G Nodelijk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nodelijk G, Nielen M, De Jong MCM, Verheijden JHM (2003) A review of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Dutch breeding herds: population dynamics and clinical relevance. Prev Vet Med 60:37\u201352","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"391_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003246","volume":"124","author":"G Nodelijk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nodelijk G, de Jong MCM, Van Nes A, Vernooy JCM, Van Leengoed LAMG, Pol JMA, Verheijden JHM (2000) Introduction, persistence and fade-out of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a Dutch breeding herd: a mathematical analysis. Epidemiol Infect 124:173\u2013182","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"391_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.11.001","volume":"93","author":"CM Evans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evans CM, Medley GF, Creasey SJ, Green LE (2010) A stochastic mathematical model of the within-herd transmission dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): fade-out and persistence. Prev Vet Med 93:248\u2013257","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"391_CR80","first-page":"291","volume":"58","author":"R Bilodeau","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bilodeau R, Archambault D, Vezina SA, Sauvageau R, Fournier M, Dea S (1994) Persistence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in a swine operation. Can J Vet Res 58:291\u2013298","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178324","volume":"28","author":"O Diekmann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Diekmann O, Heesterbeek JAP, Metz J (1990) On the definition and computation of the basic reproduction ratio R3 in models for infectious diseases in heterogeneous populations. J Math Biol 28:365\u2013382","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"391_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.11.007","volume":"175","author":"E Pileri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pileri E, Gibert E, Soldevila F, Garc\u00eda-Saenz A, Pujols J, D\u00edaz I, Darwich L, Casal J, Mart\u00edn M, Mateu E (2015) Vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model. Vet Microbiol 175:7\u201316","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.040","volume":"33","author":"N Rose","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rose N, Renson P, Andraud M, Paboeuf F, Le Potier MF, Bourry O (2015) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) modified-live vaccine reduces virus transmission in experimental conditions. Vaccine 33:2493\u20132499","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006537","volume":"128","author":"D Klinkenberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klinkenberg D, de Bree J, Laevens H, de Jong MCM (2002) Within- and between-pen transmission of classical swine fever virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments. Epidemiol Infect 128:293\u2013299","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"391_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.06.025","volume":"154","author":"FJ Mart\u00ednez-Lobo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, D\u00edez-Fuertes F, Segal\u00e9s J, Garc\u00eda-Artiga C, Simarro I, Castro JM, Prieto C (2011) Comparative pathogenicity of type 1 and type 2 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a young pig infection model. Vet Microbiol 154:58\u201368","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.08.015","volume":"154","author":"MP Murtaugh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Abrahante JE, Lam TTY, Leung FCC (2010) The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 154:18\u201330","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"391_CR87","first-page":"273","volume":"49","author":"T Stadejek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stadejek T, Porowski M, Pejsak Z (2005) Viraemia and seroconversion in piglets following vaccination with PRRSV-EU type vaccine\u2014a field observation. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 49:273\u2013277","journal-title":"Bull Vet Inst Pulawy"},{"key":"391_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.028","volume":"27","author":"P Martelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, Bottarelli E, Borghetti P (2009) Efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 27:3788\u20133799","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.5.565","volume":"68","author":"JP Cano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cano JP, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP, Trincado CA, Pijoan CB (2007) Effect of vaccination with a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine on dynamics of homologous viral infection in pigs. Am J Vet Res 68:565\u2013571","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.10.075","volume":"30","author":"DCL Linhares","year":"2012","unstructured":"Linhares DCL, Cano JP, Wetzell T, Nerem J, Torremorell M, Dee SA (2012) Effect of modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) vaccine on the shedding of wild-type virus from an infected population of growing pigs. Vaccine 30:407\u2013413","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.03.031","volume":"25","author":"JP Cano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cano JP, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP, Pijoan C (2007) Impact of a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine intervention on a population of pigs infected with a heterologous isolate. Vaccine 25:4382\u20134391","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00099-8","volume":"19","author":"G Nodelijk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nodelijk G, De Jong MCM, Van Leengoed LAMG, Wensvoort G, Pol JMA, Steverink PJGM, Verheijden JHM (2001) A quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of PRRSV vaccination in pigs under experimental conditions. Vaccine 19:3636\u20133644","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR93","first-page":"157","volume":"71","author":"E Mondaca-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mondaca-Fern\u00e1ndez E, Meyns T, Mu\u00f1oz-Zanzi C, Trincado C, Morrison RB (2007) Experimental quantification of the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Can J Vet Res 71:157\u2013160","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90229-1","volume":"12","author":"MC Jong De","year":"1994","unstructured":"De Jong MC, Kimman TG (1994) Experimental quantification of vaccine-induced reduction in virus transmission. Vaccine 12:761\u2013766","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"391_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.05.573","volume":"56","author":"A Stegeman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stegeman A, Van Nes A, de Jong MC, Bolder FW (1995) Assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination against pseudorabies in finishing pigs. Am J Vet Res 56:573\u2013578","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01271-0","volume":"54","author":"A Bouma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bouma A, De Jong MC, Kimman TG (1997) Comparison of two pseudorabies virus vaccines, that differ in capacity to reduce virus excretion after a challenge infection, in their capacity of reducing transmission of pseudorabies virus. Vet Microbiol 54:113\u2013122","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-120","volume":"42","author":"A Romagosa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Romagosa A, Allerson M, Gramer M, Joo HS, Deen J, Detmer S, Torremorell M (2011) Vaccination of influenza a virus decreases transmission rates in pigs. Vet Res 42:120","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.023","volume":"31","author":"M Allerson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allerson M, Deen J, Detmer SE, Gramer MR, Joo HS, Romagosa A, Torremorell M (2013) The impact of maternally derived immunity on influenza A virus transmission in neonatal pig populations. Vaccine. 31:500\u2013505","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"391_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2008.01065.x","volume":"56","author":"U Carlsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carlsson U, Wallgren P, Renstr\u00f6m LHM, Lindberg A, Eriksson H, Thor\u00e9n P, Eliasson-Selling L, Lundeheim N, N\u00f6rregard E, Th\u00f6rn C, Elvander M (2009) Emergence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Sweden: detection, response and eradication. Transbound Emerg Dis 56:121\u2013131","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"391_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(03)00168-0","volume":"96","author":"R Larochelle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Larochelle R, D\u2019Allaire S, Magar R (2003) Molecular epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Qu\u00e9bec. Virus Res 96:3\u201314","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"391_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00260-4","volume":"53","author":"S Mortensen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mortensen S, Stryhn H, Sogaard R, Boklund A, St\u00e4rk KDC, Christensen J, Willeberg P (2002) Risk factors for infection of sow herds with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. Prev Vet Med 53:83\u2013101","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"391_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.01.006","volume":"118","author":"KK Thakur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thakur KK, Revie CW, Hurnik D, Poljak Z, Sanchez J (2015) Simulation of between-farm transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Ontario, Canada using the North American animal disease spread model. Prev Vet Med 118:413\u2013426","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"391_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.01.004","volume":"110","author":"GP Kwong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwong GP, Poljak Z, Deardon R, Dewey CE (2013) Bayesian analysis of risk factors for infection with a genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Ontario swine herds using monitoring data. Prev Vet Med 110:405\u2013417","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"391_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-83","volume":"10","author":"T Rosendal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosendal T, Dewey C, Friendship R, Wootton S, Young B, Poljak Z (2014) Spatial and temporal patterns of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genotypes in Ontario, Canada, 2004\u20132007. BMC Vet Res 10:83","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.19.497","volume":"141","author":"A B\u00f8tner","year":"1997","unstructured":"B\u00f8tner A, Strandbygaard B, S\u00f8rensen KJ, Have P, Madsen KG, Madsen ES, Alexandersen S (1997) Appearance of acute PRRS-like symptoms in sow herds after vaccination with a modified live PRRS vaccine. Vet Rec 141:497\u2013499","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12262","volume":"63","author":"C Nathues","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nathues C, Perler L, Bruhn S, Suter D, Eichhorn L, Hofmann M, Nathues H, Baechlein C, Ritzmann M, Palzer A, Grossmann K, Sch\u00fcpbach-Regula G, Th\u00fcr B (2014) An outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Switzerland following import of boar semen. Transbound Emerg Dis 63:e251\u2013e261","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"391_CR107","first-page":"128","volume":"68","author":"SA Dee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dee SA, Deen J, Otake S, Pijoan C (2004) An experimental model to evaluate the role of transport vehicles as a source of transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to susceptible pigs. Can J Vet Res 68:128\u2013133","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR108","first-page":"232","volume":"66","author":"SA Dee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dee SA, Deen J, Rossow K, Wiese C, Otake S, Joo HS, Pijoan C (2002) Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during cold weather. Can J Vet Res 66:232\u2013239","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR109","first-page":"12","volume":"67","author":"SA Dee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dee SA, Deen J, Rossow K, Weise C, Eliason R, Otake S, Joo HS, Pijoan C (2003) Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during warm weather. Can J Vet Res 67:12\u201319","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR110","first-page":"208","volume":"68","author":"SA Dee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dee SA, Deen J, Burns D, Douthit G, Pijoan C (2004) An assessment of sanitation protocols for commercial transport vehicles contaminated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Can J Vet Res 68:208\u2013214","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR111","first-page":"58","volume":"69","author":"SA Dee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dee SA, Torremorell M, Thompson B, Deen J, Pijoan C (2005) An evaluation of thermo-assisted drying and decontamination for the elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from contaminated livestock transport vehicles. Can J Vet Res 69:58\u201363","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/332","volume":"10","author":"KM Lager","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lager KM, Mengeling WL, Wesley RD (2002) Evidence for local spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Swine Health Prod 10:167\u2013170","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"391_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-184","volume":"8","author":"M Velasova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Velasova M, Alarcon P, Williamson S, Wieland B (2012) Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance. BMC Vet Res 8:184","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.08.828","volume":"58","author":"M Torremorell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Torremorell M, Pijoan C, Janni K, Walker R, Joo HS (1997) Airborne transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in nursery pigs. Am J Vet Res 58:828\u2013832","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.10.294","volume":"154","author":"C Trincado","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trincado C, Dee SA, Jacobson L, Otake S, Rossow KD, Pijoan C (2004) Attempts to transmit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by aerosols under controlled field conditions. Vet Rec 154:294\u2013297","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR116","first-page":"213","volume":"5","author":"RW Wills","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wills RW, Zimmerman JJ, Swenson SL, Yoon KJ, Hill HT, Bundy DS, McGinley MJ (1997) Transmission of PRRS virus by direct, close, or indirect contact. J Swine Health Prod 5:213\u2013218","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"391_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.26.804","volume":"150","author":"S Otake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Otake S, Dee SA, Jacobson L, Torremorell M, Pijoan C (2002) Evaluation of aerosol transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under controlled field conditions. Vet Rec 150:804\u2013808","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009022","volume":"40","author":"SA Dee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dee SA, Otake S, Oliveira S, Deen J (2009) Evidence of long distance airborne transport of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Res 40:39","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.03.028","volume":"145","author":"S Otake","year":"2010","unstructured":"Otake S, Dee SA, Corzo C, Oliveira S, Deen J (2010) Long-distance airborne transport of infectious PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from a swine population infected with multiple viral variants. Vet Microbiol 145:198\u2013208","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.07.022","volume":"154","author":"SA Dee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dee SA, Otake S, Deen J (2010) Use of a production region model to assess the efficacy of various air filtration systems for preventing airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: results from a 2-year study. Virus Res 154:177\u2013184","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"391_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.06.001","volume":"112","author":"C Alonso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alonso C, Murtaugh MP, Dee SA, Davies PR (2013) Epidemiological study of air filtration systems for preventing PRRSV infection in large sow herds. Prev Vet Med 112:109\u2013117","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"391_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01320-X","volume":"55","author":"JJ Zimmerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zimmerman JJ, Yoon KJ, Pirtle EC, Wills RW, Sanderson TJ, McGinley MJ (1997) Studies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection in avian species. Vet Microbiol 55:329\u2013336","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.8.233","volume":"154","author":"C Trincado","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trincado C, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Halvorson D, Pijoan C (2004) Evaluation of the role of mallard ducks as vectors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Rec 154:233\u2013237","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.3.107-a","volume":"158","author":"P Bonilauri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonilauri P, Merialdi G, Dottori M, Barbieri I (2006) Presence of PRRSV in wild boar in Italy. Vet Rec 158:107\u2013108","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.11.023","volume":"136","author":"G Reiner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reiner G, Fresen C, Bronnert S, Willems H (2009) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in wild boars. Vet Microbiol 136:250\u2013258","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR126","first-page":"31","volume":"128","author":"S Vilcek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vilcek S, Molnar L, Vlasakova M, Jackova A (2015) The first detection of PRRSV in wild boars in Slovakia. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 128:31\u201333","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"391_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-48.1.131","volume":"48","author":"B Roic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roic B, Jemersic L, Terzic S, Keros T, Balatinec J, Florijancic T (2012) Prevalence of antibodies to selected viral pathogens in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Croatia in 2005\u20132006 and 2009\u20132010. J Wild Dis 48:131\u2013137","journal-title":"J Wild Dis"},{"key":"391_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00255-8","volume":"77","author":"E Albina","year":"2000","unstructured":"Albina E, Mespl\u00e8de A, Chenut G, Le Potier MF, Bourbao G, Le Gal S, Leforban Y (2000) A serological survey on classical swine fever (CSF), Aujeszky\u2019s disease (AD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infections in French wild boars from 1991 to 1998. Vet Microbiol 77:43\u201345","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR129","first-page":"33","volume":"101","author":"U Oslage","year":"1994","unstructured":"Oslage U, Dahle J, M\u00fcller T, Kramer M, Beier D, Liess B (1994) Prevalence of antibodies against the viruses of European swine fever, Aujeszky\u2019s disease and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in wild boars in the federal states Sachsen-Anhalt and Brandenburg. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 101:33\u201338","journal-title":"Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"391_CR130","first-page":"74","volume":"79","author":"JA Baroch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baroch JA, Gagnon CA, Lacouture S, Gottschalk GM (2015) Exposure of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States to selected pathogens. Can J Vet Res 79:74\u201378","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1517","volume":"66","author":"JA Schurrer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schurrer JA, Dee SA, Moon RD, Murtaugh MP, Finnegan CP, Deen J, Kleiboeker SB, Pijoan CB (2005) Retention of ingested porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in houseflies. Am J Vet Res 66:1517\u20131525","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.152.3.73","volume":"152","author":"S Otake","year":"2003","unstructured":"Otake S, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Moon RD, Trincado C, Pijoan C (2003) Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by houseflies. Vet Rec 152:73\u201376","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.3.80","volume":"154","author":"S Otake","year":"2004","unstructured":"Otake S, Dee SA, Moon RD, Rossow KD, Trincado C, Pijoan C (2004) Studies on the carriage and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by individual houseflies (Musca domestica). Vet Rec 154:80\u201385","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"391_CR134","first-page":"191","volume":"66","author":"S Otake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Otake S, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Moon RD, Pijoan C (2002) Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by mosquitoes, Aedes vexans (Meigen). Can J Vet Res 66:191\u2013195","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR135","volume-title":"Medical and veterinary entomology, chapter 16","author":"RD Moon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moon RD (2002) Muscid flies, Muscidae. In: Durden LA, Mullen GR (eds) Medical and veterinary entomology, chapter 16. Academic Press, New York"},{"key":"391_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1284","volume":"65","author":"JA Schurrer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schurrer JA, Dee SA, Moon RD, Rossow KD, Mahlum C, Mondaca E, Otake S, Fano E, Collins JE, Pijoan C (2006) Spatial dispersal of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-contaminated flies after contact with experimentally infected pigs. Am J Vet Res 65:1284\u20131292","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR137","first-page":"259","volume":"68","author":"R Magar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Magar R, Larochelle R (2004) Evaluation of the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pig meat and experimental transmission following oral exposure. Can J Vet Res 68:259\u2013266","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"391_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.09.015","volume":"97","author":"IFA Linden Van Der","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Der Linden IFA, Van Der Linde-Bril EM, Voermans JJM, Van Rijn PA, Pol JMA, Martin R, Steverink PJGM (2003) Oral transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by muscle of experimentally infected pigs. Vet Microbiol 97:45\u201354","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"391_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-013-9115-3","volume":"5","author":"H Guarino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guarino H, Cox RB, Goyal SM, Patnayak DP (2013) Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pork products. Food Environ Virol 5:157\u2013161","journal-title":"Food Environ Virol"},{"key":"391_CR140","first-page":"1","volume":"239","author":"EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare","year":"2005","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (2005) The probability of transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) to naive pigs via fresh meat. EFSA J 239:1\u201385","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"391_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12163","volume":"62","author":"W Hall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hall W, Neumann E (2015) Fresh pork and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: factors related to the risk of disease transmission. Transbound Emerg Dis 62:350\u2013366","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-016-0391-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T22:22:33Z","timestamp":1749680553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13567-016-0391-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-016-0391-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-9716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-9716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"article-number":"108"}}