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The aim of this experimental study was to assess the efficacy of three experimental bacterin formulations based on <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic> field strain F7.2C which were able to induce cellular immunity. The formulations included a cationic liposome formulation with the Mincle receptor ligand trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (Lipo_DDA:TDB), a squalene-in-water emulsion with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands targeting TLR1\/2, TLR7\/8 and TLR9 (SWE_TLR), and a poly(lactic-<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>-glycolic acid) micro-particle formulation with the same TLR ligands (PLGA_TLR). Four groups of 12\u00a0<jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-free piglets were primo- (day (D) 0; 39\u00a0days of age) and booster vaccinated (D14) intramuscularly with either one of the three experimental bacterin formulations or PBS. The pigs were endotracheally inoculated with a highly and low virulent <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strain on D28 and D29, respectively, and euthanized on D56. The main efficacy parameters were: respiratory disease score (RDS; daily), macroscopic lung lesion score (D56) and log copies <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic> DNA determined with qPCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (D42, D56). All formulations were able to reduce clinical symptoms, lung lesions and the <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic> DNA load in the lung, with formulation SWE_TLR being the most effective (RDS<jats:sub>D28\u2013D56<\/jats:sub> \u221261.90%, macroscopic lung lesions \u221288.38%, <jats:italic>M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic> DNA load in BAL fluid (D42) \u221267.28%). Further experiments raised under field conditions are needed to confirm these results and to assess the effect of the vaccines on performance parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0709-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T15:21:02Z","timestamp":1573226462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Efficacy of three innovative bacterin vaccines against experimental infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneleen Marguerite Filip","family":"Matthijs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Auray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Boyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Schoos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obdulio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcliz Tuba","family":"Barut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Barnier-Quer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Devriendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Summerfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Haesebrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominiek","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.09.008","volume":"126","author":"D Maes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maes D, Segales J, Meyns T, Sibila M, Pieters M, Haesebrouck F (2008) Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. 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