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While murine and cell-based models of infection have provided considerable knowledge about the molecular basis of virulence of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, relatively little is known about salmonellosis in naturally-affected large animal hosts such as cattle, which are a reservoir of human salmonellosis. As in humans,<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>causes bovine disease ranging from self-limiting enteritis to systemic typhoid-like disease and exerts significant economic and welfare costs. Understanding the nature and consequences of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>interactions with bovine cells will inform the design of effective vaccines and interventions to control animal and zoonotic infections. In calves challenged orally with<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Dublin expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) we observed that the bacteria were predominantly extracellular in the distal ileal mucosa and within gut-associated lymph nodes 48\u00a0h post-infection. Intracellular bacteria, identified by flow cytometry using the GFP signal, were predominantly within MHCII<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>macrophage-like cells. In contrast to observations from murine models, these<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Dublin-infected cells had elevated levels of MHCII and CD40 compared to both uninfected cells from the same tissue and cells from the cognate tissue of uninfected animals. Moreover, no gross changes of the architecture of infected lymph nodes were observed as was described previously in a mouse model. In order to further investigate<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>-macrophage interactions, net replication of<jats:italic>S.\u00a0enterica<\/jats:italic>serovars that differ in virulence in cattle was measured in bovine blood-derived macrophages by enumeration of gentamicin-protected bacteria and fluorescence dilution, but did not correlate with host-specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0720-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T03:02:47Z","timestamp":1574823767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Nature and consequences of interactions between Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin and host cells in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1948-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prerna","family":"Vohra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Vrettou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne C.","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001923","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001923","volume":"12","author":"AH Havelaar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Havelaar AH, Kirk MD, Torgerson PR, Gibb HJ, Hald T, Lake RJ, Praet N, Bellinger DC, de Silva NR, Gargouri N, Speybroeck N, Cawthorne A, Mathers C, Stein C, Angulo FJ, Devleesschauwer B, World Health Organization Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (2015) World Health Organization global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of foodborne disease in 2010. 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