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Muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (MLES) typically induce parasite-specific immune responses such as the Th2 response and regulatory T cells (Tregs) by modulating dendritic cell (DC) phenotype via the recognition of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Nod-like receptors (NLRs). We aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 in <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>-triggered immune response. We found that larvae burden was increased in NLRP3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. Administration of MLES induced higher levels of IL-4, IL-10, TGF-\u03b2 and population of Tregs in WT mice than in NLRP3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice. In vitro, we showed that increased expression of CD40 on the surface of MLES-treated DCs was inhibited after NLRP3 knockout. Increased production of IL-1\u03b2, IL-18, IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2, but not IL-12p70, was significantly diminished in the absence of NLRP3. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that MLES-treated DCs induced higher levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2 and populations of Tregs in vitro. These inductions were abolished by NLRP3 deficiency in DCs, suggesting that NLRP3 in MLES-treated DCs plays a role in promoting the Th2 and Treg response. Taken together, we identified for the first time the involvement of NLRP3 in host defences against <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00829-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T16:05:19Z","timestamp":1598544319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["NLRP3 played a role in Trichinella spiralis-triggered Th2 and regulatory T cells response"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haining","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoquan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Boireau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"829_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2018.04.003","volume":"86","author":"LJ Robertson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robertson LJ (2018) Parasites in food: from a neglected position to an emerging issue. 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The procedure of animal experiments was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jilin University (No. 20170318).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"107"}}