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This study aims to determine TsSPI functions in larval viability and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, as well as their development, survival, and fecundity in vivo via RNAi. TsSPI-specific siRNAs and dsRNA were transfected into ML by incubation. The silencing effect of TsSPI transcription and expression was determined using qPCR and western blot, respectively. After incubation in 60\u00a0ng\/\u03bcL dsRNA\u2013TsSPI for 3\u00a0days, larval TsSPI mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced by 68.7% and 68.4% (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), respectively. dsRNA-mediated silencing of TsSPI significantly impacted larval invasion into intestinal epithelial cells in vitro but did not affect the survival rate of larvae. After challenge with dsRNA\u2013TsSPI-treated ML, mice exhibited a 56.0% reduction in intestinal AW burden and 56.9% reduction in ML burden (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but NBL production of female AW remained the same (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Our results revealed that RNAi-mediated silencing of TsSPI expression in<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>significantly reduced larval infectivity and survival in the host but had no effect on the survival rate and fecundity. Furthermore, TsSPIs have no effect on the growth and reproduction of parasites but may be directly involved in regulating the interaction of<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>and the host. Therefore, TsSPIs are crucial in the process of<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>larval invasion and parasite survival in the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00860-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T11:04:15Z","timestamp":1606129455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["RNAi-mediated silencing of Trichinella spiralis serpin-type serine protease inhibitors results in a reduction in larval infectivity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Nana","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaokun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhe","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8410-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-0741-0","volume":"51","author":"N Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang N, Bai X, Tang B, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhu H, Luo X, Yan H, Jia H, Liu M et al (2020) Primary characterization of the immune response in pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis. 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