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Glutaminase (GLS) is an important gene in the glutamine-dependent acid resistance (AR) system; however, its role in <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> muscle larvae (ML) remains unclear. The present study aimed to characterize <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> GLS (TsGLS) and assess its function in <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> ML AR both in vitro and in vivo using RNA interference. The results indicated that native TsGLS (72\u00a0kDa) was recognized by anti-rTsGLS serum at the muscle larvae stage; moreover, an immunofluorescence assay confirmed that TsGLS was located in the epidermis of ML. After silencing the TsGLS gene, the relative expression of TsGLS mRNA and the survival rate of <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> ML were reduced by 60.11% and 16.55%, respectively, compared to those in the PBS and control groups. In vivo AR assays revealed that the worm numbers at 7 and 35\u00a0days post-infection (dpi) decreased by 61.64% and 66.71%, respectively, compared to those in the PBS group. The relative expression of TsGLS mRNA in F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> generation <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> ML was reduced by 42.52%, compared to that in the PBS group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the presence of the glutamine-dependent AR system in <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>. Our results indicate that TsGLS plays a crucial role in the <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> AR system; thus, it could be used as a potential candidate target molecule for producing vaccines against <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00921-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T10:02:30Z","timestamp":1616666550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["RNAi-mediated silencing of Trichinella spiralis glutaminase results in reduced muscle larval infectivity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9168-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.12.070","volume":"31","author":"J Cui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cui J, Ren HJ, Liu RD, Wang L, Zhang ZF, Wang ZQ (2013) Phage-displayed specific polypeptide antigens induce significant protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis infection in BALB\/c mice. 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