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Moreover, only a few mastitis pathogen challenge studies in cows have been conducted in the dry period, an important period that allows intramammary infection (IMI) to cure and new IMI to occur. We challenged 16 quarters of 4 Holstein Friesian cows at dry off with 100; 100\u00a0000 or 10\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0CFU of the udder-adapted<jats:italic>S. chromogenes<\/jats:italic>IM strain. Four quarters from one cow served as negative controls. Internally sealed quarters remained untouched, whereas non-sealed quarters were sampled 3 times during the dry period. After parturition, colostrum and daily milk samples were taken during the first week of lactation of all quarters. In total, 8 quarters appeared to be colonized, since<jats:italic>S. chromogenes<\/jats:italic>IM was recovered at least once during the experiment, as substantiated using Multilocus Sequence Typing.<jats:italic>S. chromogenes<\/jats:italic>IM shedding was highest in dry quarters inoculated with 10\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0CFU. Colonized quarters had the highest quarter somatic cell count (qSCC) in early lactation. Inoculated quarters (both colonized and non-colonized) had lower IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the dry period, whilst IFN-\u03b3 levels tended to be higher in colonized quarters compared to non-inoculated quarters. Also, IgG2 levels were higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated quarters and the IgG2\/IgG1 ratio was on average above 1. To conclude, we showed that dry quarters can be colonized with<jats:italic>S. chromogenes<\/jats:italic>IM, resulting in a shift towards a Th1 response in late gestation and early lactation characterised by an increased IgG2 concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-01007-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1635419017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7046-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Beuckelaere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneleen","family":"De Visscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Nogueira","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Haesebrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Piepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarne","family":"De Vliegher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029907002841","volume":"74","author":"S Piepers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piepers S, De Meulemeester L, de Kruif A, Opsomer G, Barkema HW, De Vliegher S (2007) Prevalence and distribution of mastitis pathogens in subclinically infected dairy cows in Flanders, Belgium. 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