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Here, we studied the consequences of an intensive antibiotic treatment, applied to sows and\/or their offspring, on the piglets\u2019 nasal microbiota. Four pregnant sows were treated with crystalline ceftiofur and tulathromycin (CT\n                    <jats:sub>sows<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) while two other sows received only crystalline ceftiofur (C\n                    <jats:sub>sows<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Sow treatments were performed at D-4 (four days pre-farrowing), D3, D10 and D17 for ceftiofur and D-3, D4 and D11 for tulathromycin. Half of the piglets born to CT\n                    <jats:sub>sows<\/jats:sub>\n                    were treated at D1 with ceftiofur. Nasal swabs were taken from piglets at 22\u201324\u00a0days of age and bacterial load and nasal microbiota composition were defined by 16\u00a0s rRNA gene qPCR and amplicon sequencing. Antibiotic treatment of sows reduced their nasal bacterial load, as well as in their offspring, indicating a reduced bacterial transmission from the dams. In addition, nasal microbiota composition of the piglets exhibited signs of dysbiosis, showing unusual taxa. The addition of tulathromycin to the ceftiofur treatment seemed to enhance the deleterious effect on the microbiota diversity by diminishing some bacteria commonly found in the piglets\u2019 nasal cavity, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Glaesserella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and several members of the\n                    <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    families. On the other hand, the additional treatment of piglets with ceftiofur resulted in no further effect beyond the treatment of the sows. Altogether, these results suggest that intensive antibiotic treatments of sows, especially the double antibiotic treatment, disrupt the nasal microbiota of their offspring and highlight the importance of sow-to-piglet microbiota transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01237-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T16:33:17Z","timestamp":1700843597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intensive antibiotic treatment of sows with parenteral crystalline ceftiofur and tulathromycin alters the composition of the nasal microbiota of their offspring"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Bonillo-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Obregon-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Correa-Fiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Sibila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0094-5","volume":"3","author":"JR Marchesi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marchesi JR, Ravel J (2015) The vocabulary of microbiome research: a proposal. 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Bonillo-Lopez L. and Obregon-Gutierrez P. are supported by FPI (PRE2020-096048) and FPU (FPU19\/02126) fellowships from Spanish Government, respectively.\u201d (2) 202402XXFunding section has been updated","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted at the IRTA-CReSA biosecurity level 3 (BSL3) facilities upon approval of Ethical Commission in Animal Experimentation of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Protocol number 11150).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"112"}}